Lorenzo Loffredo1, Anna Maria Zicari2, Francesca Occasi2, Ludovica Perri3, Roberto Carnevale4, Simona Battaglia3, Francesco Angelico3, Maria Del Ben3, Francesco Martino2, Cristina Nocella5, Alessio Farcomeni6, Giovanna De Castro2, Marzia Duse2, Francesco Violi3. 1. Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: lorenzo.loffredo@uniroma1.it. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 3. Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 4. Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 5. Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy. 6. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), oxidative stress, and endothelial function in children with and without allergic rhinitis and to ascertain the effect of passive smoke exposure on these factors, because there is an established association between allergic rhinitis and increased cardiovascular risk in adults. METHODS: We recruited 130 children-65 with persistent allergic rhinitis and 65 healthy controls. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation, blood levels of isoprostanes, serum activity of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX2-dp), and nitric oxide bioavailability, in these 2 groups of children. Serum cotinine levels were assessed to measure exposure to passive smoking. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, children with persistent allergic rhinitis had significantly higher sNOX2-dp and isoprostanes levels, lower flow-mediated dilation, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that flow-mediated dilation, isoprostanes, and cotinine were independently associated with sNOX2-dp levels. Of note, sNOX2-dp serum levels were significantly higher in children with allergic rhinitis exposed to smoke, as compared with unexposed children with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION: NOX2 is activated in children with persistent allergic rhinitis and passive smoke exposure exacerbates this effect. We further demonstrate an association between higher sNOX2-dp and oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), oxidative stress, and endothelial function in children with and without allergic rhinitis and to ascertain the effect of passive smoke exposure on these factors, because there is an established association between allergic rhinitis and increased cardiovascular risk in adults. METHODS: We recruited 130 children-65 with persistent allergic rhinitis and 65 healthy controls. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation, blood levels of isoprostanes, serum activity of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX2-dp), and nitric oxide bioavailability, in these 2 groups of children. Serum cotinine levels were assessed to measure exposure to passive smoking. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, children with persistent allergic rhinitis had significantly higher sNOX2-dp and isoprostanes levels, lower flow-mediated dilation, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that flow-mediated dilation, isoprostanes, and cotinine were independently associated with sNOX2-dp levels. Of note, sNOX2-dp serum levels were significantly higher in children with allergic rhinitis exposed to smoke, as compared with unexposed children with allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION:NOX2 is activated in children with persistent allergic rhinitis and passive smoke exposure exacerbates this effect. We further demonstrate an association between higher sNOX2-dp and oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
Authors: Omar Hahad; Natalie Arnold; Jürgen H Prochaska; Marina Panova-Noeva; Andreas Schulz; Karl J Lackner; Norbert Pfeiffer; Irene Schmidtmann; Matthias Michal; Manfred Beutel; Philipp S Wild; John F Keaney; Andreas Daiber; Thomas Münzel Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med Date: 2021-05-19