John D Murphy1, Benmei Liu2, Mark Parascandola3. 1. Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. 2. Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. 3. Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Having HIV/AIDS has been associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. Moreover, evidence suggests that people with HIV/AIDS who smoke have poorer treatment and survival outcomes. The HIV-smoking relationship is understudied in sub-Saharan Africa, where tobacco use patterns and HIV prevalence differ greatly from other world regions. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Demographic Health Surveys and AIDS Indicator Surveys, representing 25 sub-Saharan African countries, were pooled for analysis (n = 286850). The association between cigarette smoking and HIV status was analyzed through hierarchical logistic regression models. This study also examined the relationship between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and HIV status. RESULTS: Smoking prevalence was significantly higher among men who had HIV/AIDS than among men who did not (25.90% vs 16.09%; p < .0001), as was smoking prevalence among women who had HIV/AIDS compared with women who did not (1.15% vs 0.73%; p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the odds of smoking among people who had HIV/AIDS was 1.12 times greater than among people who did not when adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic, and sexual risk factors (adjusted OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04% to 1.21%; p < .001). Similarly, multivariate logistic regression revealed that HIV-positive individuals were 34% more likely to use SLT than HIV-negative individuals (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.17% to 1.53%). CONCLUSION: Having HIV was associated with a greater likelihood of smoking cigarettes as well as with using SLT in sub-Saharan Africa. These tobacco use modalities were also associated with male sex and lower socioeconomic status. IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that in sub-Saharan Africa, as in more studied world regions, having HIV/AIDS is associated with a higher likelihood of smoking cigarettes when adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and sexual risk factors. This study also supports the literature stating that cigarette smoking is inversely associated with socioeconomic status, as evidenced by higher smoking prevalence among poorer individuals, less educated individuals, and manual and agricultural laborers. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2018.
BACKGROUND: Having HIV/AIDS has been associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. Moreover, evidence suggests that people with HIV/AIDS who smoke have poorer treatment and survival outcomes. The HIV-smoking relationship is understudied in sub-Saharan Africa, where tobacco use patterns and HIV prevalence differ greatly from other world regions. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Demographic Health Surveys and AIDS Indicator Surveys, representing 25 sub-Saharan African countries, were pooled for analysis (n = 286850). The association between cigarette smoking and HIV status was analyzed through hierarchical logistic regression models. This study also examined the relationship between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and HIV status. RESULTS: Smoking prevalence was significantly higher among men who had HIV/AIDS than among men who did not (25.90% vs 16.09%; p < .0001), as was smoking prevalence among women who had HIV/AIDS compared with women who did not (1.15% vs 0.73%; p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the odds of smoking among people who had HIV/AIDS was 1.12 times greater than among people who did not when adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic, and sexual risk factors (adjusted OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04% to 1.21%; p < .001). Similarly, multivariate logistic regression revealed that HIV-positive individuals were 34% more likely to use SLT than HIV-negative individuals (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.17% to 1.53%). CONCLUSION: Having HIV was associated with a greater likelihood of smoking cigarettes as well as with using SLT in sub-Saharan Africa. These tobacco use modalities were also associated with male sex and lower socioeconomic status. IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that in sub-Saharan Africa, as in more studied world regions, having HIV/AIDS is associated with a higher likelihood of smoking cigarettes when adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and sexual risk factors. This study also supports the literature stating that cigarette smoking is inversely associated with socioeconomic status, as evidenced by higher smoking prevalence among poorer individuals, less educated individuals, and manual and agricultural laborers. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2018.
Authors: Rennatus Mdodo; Emma L Frazier; Shanta R Dube; Christine L Mattson; Madeline Y Sutton; John T Brooks; Jacek Skarbinski Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2015-03-03 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Giuseppe Vittorio L De Socio; Laura Martinelli; Sabrina Morosi; Maurizio Fiorio; Anna Rita Roscini; Giuliano Stagni; Giuseppe Schillaci Journal: Scand J Infect Dis Date: 2007
Authors: Billy M Tsima; Precious Moedi; Joyce Maunge; Kitso Machangane; Martha Kgogwane; Tebogo Mudojwa; Joseph Bastian; Warren Bilker; Rebecca Ashare; Robert Schnoll; Robert Gross Journal: South Afr J HIV Med Date: 2020-06-24 Impact factor: 2.744
Authors: Jennifer O Lam; Tory Levine-Hall; Nicole Hood; Stacey E Alexeeff; Michael A Horberg; Kelly C Young-Wolff; Stacy A Sterling; Andrew Williams; Constance Weisner; Derek D Satre; Michael J Silverberg Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2020-06-18 Impact factor: 4.852
Authors: Alexander Kintu; David Sando; Samson Okello; Gerald Mutungi; David Guwatudde; Nicolas A Menzies; Goodarz Danaei; Stéphane Verguet Journal: J Int AIDS Soc Date: 2020-06 Impact factor: 5.396
Authors: Noreen Dadirai Mdege; Fredrick Edward Makumbi; Ronald Ssenyonga; Frances Thirlway; Joseph K B Matovu; Elena Ratschen; Kamran Siddiqi; Kellen Nyamurungi Namusisi Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2021-06-08 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Jonathan Shuter; Sylvia A Ojoo; Patience Oduor; Maureen Ondire; Linda Khakali; Angela O Achieng; Tina W Masai; Wendy Potts; Melanie E Bennett; Andrea H Weinberger; Emily Koech; Seth S Himelhoch Journal: Tob Use Insights Date: 2021-11-24
Authors: Annelotte E Sussenbach; Sjors W L van Gijzel; Samanta T Lalla-Edward; Willem D F Venter; Erica Shaddock; Charles Feldman; Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch; Alinda G Vos Journal: South Afr J HIV Med Date: 2022-02-21 Impact factor: 2.744
Authors: Emmanuel Peprah; Mari Armstrong-Hough; Stephanie H Cook; Barbara Mukasa; Jacquelyn Y Taylor; Huichun Xu; Linda Chang; Joyce Gyamfi; Nessa Ryan; Temitope Ojo; Anya Snyder; Juliet Iwelunmor; Oliver Ezechi; Conrad Iyegbe; Paul O'Reilly; Andre Pascal Kengne Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-18 Impact factor: 3.390