| Literature DB >> 30158716 |
Philip Junker1, Julian Puppe1, Fabinshy Thangarajah1, Christian Domröse1, Angela Cepic1, Bernd Morgenstern1, Dominik Ratiu1, Martin Hellmich2, Peter Mallmann1, Marina Wirtz1.
Abstract
Introduction Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women worldwide. Addition of the VEGF antibody bevacizumab in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy achieved an improvement in overall survival in advanced cervical cancer. To date there are no data on neoadjuvant use of bevacizumab. We therefore studied the benefit of neoadjuvant combined therapy with bevacizumab in a group of cervical cancer patients. Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study analysed 14 patients with cervical cancer FIGO stages 1b1 to IV who received neoadjuvant platinum-containing chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab. The comparative cohort consisted of 16 patients who were treated with neoadjuvant platinum-containing chemotherapy alone. The response rates were determined by means of preoperative clinical examination, diagnostic imaging (RECIST), changes in tumour markers (SCC) and by histopathology. Results A clinical response was found in 93.8% (n = 15) of patients after bevacizumab-free therapy and in 100% (n = 14) of the patients who were treated with bevacizumab in addition. Combined therapy with bevacizumab led to a higher rate of clinical complete remission (42.9 vs. 12.5%; p = 0.072) and significantly improved the reduction in tumour size (Δ longest diameter: 3.7 vs. 2.5 cm; p = 0.025). Downgrading was observed in 100% of all patients treated with bevacizumab compared with 75% in the control arm. The rate of pathological complete remission (pCR) was not altered significantly (28.6% [n = 4] vs. 37.5% [n = 6]; p = 0.460). Discussion Overall, combined therapy with bevacizumab led to a better clinical response. Operability was therefore improved more often. Because of the small patient cohort, larger prospective studies are necessary to validate the effect of neoadjuvant combined therapy with bevacizumab.Entities:
Keywords: VEGF antibody; bevacizumab; cervical cancer; neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Year: 2018 PMID: 30158716 PMCID: PMC6109715 DOI: 10.1055/a-0641-5588
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Fig. 1Structure of the cohort study: the flow chart illustrates the number of cervical cancer patients screened for this study (n = 46) and included and excluded patients (n = 30), and describes the treatment regimen used in the two cohorts (NACT ± bevacizumab).
Table 1 Clinical and histopathological tumour characteristics of the patients (n = 30): comparison of the bevacizumab-free treatment cohort (NACT) with the combined bevacizumab therapy (NACT + bevacizumab).
| Variable | Total | NACT | NACT + bevacizumab | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 30 | 16 | 14 | 0.967 | |
| Age | 45.2 | 44.4 | |||
| Histologic type | Adenocarcinoma | 9 | 7 (43.8) | 2 (14.3) | 0.118 |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 20 | 9 (56.2) | 11 (78.6) | ||
| Clear cell carcinoma | 1 | 0 (0) | 1 (7.1) | ||
| Grading (G) | G2 | 20 | 11 (68.9) | 9 (64.3) | 1 |
| G3 | 10 | 5 (31.1) | 5 (35.7) | ||
| Tumour stage (FIGO) | cT1 | 8 | 5 (31.3) | 3 (21.4) | 0.649 |
| cT2 | 15 | 9 (56.3) | 6 (42.9) | ||
| cT3 | 2 | 0 (0) | 2 (14.3) | ||
| cT4 | 5 | 2 (12.4) | 3 (21.4) | ||
| Nodal status | cN0 | 12 | 8 (50) | 4 (28.6) | 1 |
| cN+ | 18 | 8 (50) | 10 (71.4) | ||
| Metastasis | M0 | 27 | 14 (87.5) | 13 (92.9) | |
| M+ | 3 | 2 (12.5) | 1 (7.1) | ||
Table 2 Response rates and progress parameters depending on neoadjuvant therapy with or without bevacizumab (NACT ± bevacizumab). The change in tumour size and SCC course were calculated as the means of the differences (ΔLD/ΔSCC) before and after therapy.
| Variable | NACT | NACT + bevacizumab | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cPR: clinical partial remission; cCR: clinical complete remission; pCR: pathologic complete remission; LD: longest diameter in cm; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma antigen in the serum (μg/l) | ||||
| Total | 30 | 16 | 14 | 0.917 |
| Response | no | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| yes | 15 (93.7) | 14 (100) | ||
| cPR | no | 4 (25) | 6 (42.9) | 0.442 |
| yes | 12 (75) | 8 (57.1) | ||
| cCR | no | 14 (87.5) | 8 (57.1) | 0.072 |
| yes | 2 (12.5) | 6 (42.9) | ||
| pCR | no | 10 (62.5) | 10 (71.4) | 0.460 |
| yes | 6 (37.5) | 4 (28.6) | ||
| Downgrading | no | 4 (25) | 0 (0) | 0.103 |
| yes | 12 (75) | 14 (100) | ||
| R0 resection | no | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| yes | 14 (87.5) | 14 (100) | ||
| ΔLD (cm) | 2.5 | 3.7 | 0.025 | |
| ΔSCC (μg/l) | 8.3 | 7.4 | 0.978 | |
Fig. 3The waterfall plot shows the change in tumour size (LD) in percent before and after treatment with/without bevacizumab. The table shows the corresponding response rates and tumour stages. In 7/16 patients in the conventional group and 1/14 patients in the bevacizumab group information about the post-therapy tumour size was lacking and was excluded accordingly (abbreviations: cPR: clinical partial remission; cCR: clinical complete remission; pCR: pathological complete remission).
Fig. 2Boxplot diagram shows better tumour reduction by addition of bevacizumab (ΔLD in cm = 2.5 ± 1.6 vs. 3.7 ± 1.2; p = 0.025). Fisherʼs exact test with a significance level of α = 0.05.
Table 3 List of registered side effects after bevacizumab combination therapy. They were classified according to CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events).
| Patients (n = 14) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Grade I | Grade II | Grade III | |
| Anaemia | 2 (14) | 9 (64) | 3 (21) | 0 (0) |
| Neutropenia | 3 (21) | 4 (29) | 7 (50) | 0 (0) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 7 (50) | 5 (36) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Diarrhoea | 9 (64) | 5 (36) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Mucositis | 3 (21) | 9 (64) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Fistula/perforation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Hypertension | 3 (21) | 5 (36) | 5 (36) | 1 (7) |
| Proteinuria | 6 (43) | 3 (21) | 5 (36) | 0 (0) |
| Thromboembolic events | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Fatigue | 0 (0) | 7 (50) | 6 (43) | 1 (7) |
Abb. 1Aufbau der Kohortenstudie: Das Flussdiagramm verdeutlicht die Anzahl der für diese Studie gescreenten (n = 46) sowie ein- und ausgeschlossenen Zervixkarzinompatientinnen (n = 30) und beschreibt die verwendeten Therapieregime beiden Therapiekohorten (NACT ± Bevacizumab).
Tab. 1 Klinische und histopathologische Tumorcharakteristika des untersuchten Patientenkollektivs (n = 30): Vergleich der Bevacizumab-freien Therapiekohorte (NACT) mit der Bevacizumab-Kombinationstherapie (NACT + Bevacizumab).
| Variable | total | NACT | NACT + Bevacizumab | p-Wert | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gesamt | 30 | 16 | 14 | 0,967 | |
| Alter | 45,2 | 44,4 | |||
| histologischer Typ | Adenokarzinom | 9 | 7 (43,8) | 2 (14,3) | 0,118 |
| Plattenepithelkarzinom | 20 | 9 (56,2) | 11 (78,6) | ||
| klarzelliges Karzinom | 1 | 0 (0) | 1 (7,1) | ||
| Grading (G) | G2 | 20 | 11 (68,9) | 9 (64,3) | 1 |
| G3 | 10 | 5 (31,1) | 5 (35,7) | ||
| Tumorstadium (FIGO) | cT1 | 8 | 5 (31,3) | 3 (21,4) | 0,649 |
| cT2 | 15 | 9 (56,3) | 6 (42,9) | ||
| cT3 | 2 | 0 (0) | 2 (14,3) | ||
| cT4 | 5 | 2 (12,4) | 3 (21,4) | ||
| Nodalstatus | cN0 | 12 | 8 (50) | 4 (28,6) | 1 |
| cN+ | 18 | 8 (50) | 10 (71,4) | ||
| Metastasierung | M0 | 27 | 14 (87,5) | 13 (92,9) | |
| M+ | 3 | 2 (12,5) | 1 (7,1) | ||
Tab. 2 Ansprechraten und Verlaufsparameter in Abhängigkeit einer neoadjuvanten Therapie mit oder ohne Bevacizumab (NACT ± Bevacizumab). Die Veränderung der Tumorgröße und der SCC-Verlauf wurden als Mittelwert der Differenzbeträge (ΔLD/ΔSCC) vor und nach Therapie berechnet.
| Variable | NACT | NACT + Bevacizumab | p-Wert | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cPR: Partialremission; cCR: klinische Komplettremission; pCR: pathologische Komplettremission; LD: längster Durchmesser in cm; SCC: Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen im Serum (μg/l) | ||||
| gesamt | 30 | 16 | 14 | 0,917 |
| Response | nein | 1 (6,3) | 0 (0) | 1,000 |
| ja | 15 (93,7) | 14 (100) | ||
| cPR | nein | 4 (25) | 6 (42,9) | 0,442 |
| ja | 12 (75) | 8 (57,1) | ||
| cCR | nein | 14 (87,5) | 8 (57,1) | 0,072 |
| ja | 2 (12,5) | 6 (42,9) | ||
| pCR | nein | 10 (62,5) | 10 (71,4) | 0,460 |
| ja | 6 (37,5) | 4 (28,6) | ||
| Downgrading | nein | 4 (25) | 0 (0) | 0,103 |
| ja | 12 (75) | 14 (100) | ||
| R0-Resektion | nein | 2 (12,5) | 0 (0) | 1,000 |
| ja | 14 (87,5) | 14 (100) | ||
| ΔLD (cm) | 2,5 | 3,7 | 0,025 | |
| ΔSCC (μg/l) | 8,3 | 7,4 | 0,978 | |
Abb. 3Der Waterfall Plot zeigt die Veränderung der Tumorgröße (LD) in Prozent vor und nach der Behandlung mit/ohne Bevacizumab. In der Tabelle werden die dazugehörigen Ansprechraten und Tumorstadien angezeigt. Bei 7/16 Patienten in der konventionellen Gruppe und 1/14 Patienten in der Bevacizumabgruppe fehlten die Angaben zur posttherapeutischen Tumorgröße und wurden dementsprechend exkludiert (Abkürzungen: cPR: Partialremission; cCR: klinische Komplettremission; pCR: pathologische Komplettremission).
Abb. 2Boxplot-Diagramm zeigt eine bessere Tumorreduktion durch die Addition von Bevacizumab (ΔLD in cm = 2,5 ± 1,6 vs. 3,7 ± 1,2; p = 0,025). Fisherʼs Exact-Test mit einem Signifikanzniveau von α = 0,05.
Tab. 3 Auflistung der registrierten Nebenwirkungen nach einer Bevacizumab-Kombinationstherapie. Die Klassifikation erfolgte nach CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events).
| Patienten (n = 14) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| keine | Grad I | Grad II | Grad III | |
| Anämie | 2 (14) | 9 (64) | 3 (21) | 0 (0) |
| Neutropenie | 3 (21) | 4 (29) | 7 (50) | 0 (0) |
| Thrombopenie | 7 (50) | 5 (36) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Diarrhö | 9 (64) | 5 (36) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Mukositis | 3 (21) | 9 (64) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) |
| Fisteln/Perforationen | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Hypertonie | 3 (21) | 5 (36) | 5 (36) | 1 (7) |
| Proteinurie | 6 (43) | 3 (21) | 5 (36) | 0 (0) |
| thromboemb. Ereignisse | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Fatigue | 0 (0) | 7 (50) | 6 (43) | 1 (7) |