E V Romswinkel1, H-H König2, A Hajek2. 1. University Medical Center, Department of Health Economics and Health, Services Research, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf W37, 6. Etage, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: e.romswinkel@uke.de. 2. University Medical Center, Department of Health Economics and Health, Services Research, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf W37, 6. Etage, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of job stress on depressive symptoms and whether optimism moderates this relationship longitudinally. Data were used from 2002 until 2014 (wave 2 to 5) of the German Ageing Survey. The sample consists of community-dwelling individuals living in Germany aged from 40 to 95 years (7086 observations in fixed effects regression analysis). METHODS: A self-report questionnaire was used to measure depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), job stress (scale 1 to 5) and optimism (Optimism Scale of Brandtstaedter & Wentura). RESULTS: Adjusting for potential confounders, fixed effects regression analysis revealed that an increase in job stress was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms, whereas an increase in optimism was associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. Optimism significantly moderated the relation between job stress and depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: The possibility of a small sample selection bias cannot be dismissed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlights the moderating role of optimism in the relation between job stress and depressive symptoms longitudinally. Thus, efforts to increase optimism in individuals might be beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms among individuals with high job stress.
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of job stress on depressive symptoms and whether optimism moderates this relationship longitudinally. Data were used from 2002 until 2014 (wave 2 to 5) of the German Ageing Survey. The sample consists of community-dwelling individuals living in Germany aged from 40 to 95 years (7086 observations in fixed effects regression analysis). METHODS: A self-report questionnaire was used to measure depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), job stress (scale 1 to 5) and optimism (Optimism Scale of Brandtstaedter & Wentura). RESULTS: Adjusting for potential confounders, fixed effects regression analysis revealed that an increase in job stress was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms, whereas an increase in optimism was associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms. Optimism significantly moderated the relation between job stress and depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: The possibility of a small sample selection bias cannot be dismissed. CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlights the moderating role of optimism in the relation between job stress and depressive symptoms longitudinally. Thus, efforts to increase optimism in individuals might be beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms among individuals with high job stress.
Authors: Jonathan Houdmont; Liza Jachens; Raymond Randall; Sadie Hopson; Sean Nuttall; Stamatia Pamia Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-04-26 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Weiyu Zhang; Xiaoting Yang; Jinfeng Zhao; Fengzhi Yang; Yajing Jia; Can Cui; Xiaoshi Yang Journal: J Med Internet Res Date: 2020-09-04 Impact factor: 5.428
Authors: África Martos Martínez; Ana Belén Barragán Martín; José Jesús Gázquez Linares; María Del Mar Molero Jurado; María Del Mar Simón Márquez; María Del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2021-12-08 Impact factor: 4.241