Elaine Fuertes1, Iana Markevych2, Deborah Jarvis3, Danielle Vienneau4, Kees de Hoogh4, Josep Maria Antó5, Gayan Bowatte6, Roberto Bono7, Angelo G Corsico8, Margareta Emtner9, Thorarinn Gislason10, José Antonio Gullón11, Joachim Heinrich12, John Henderson13, Mathias Holm14, Ane Johannessen15, Bénédicte Leynaert16, Alessandro Marcon17, Pierpaolo Marchetti17, Jesús Martínez Moratalla18, Silvia Pascual19, Nicole Probst-Hensch20, José Luis Sánchez-Ramos21, Valerie Siroux22, Johan Sommar23, Joost Weyler24, Nino Kuenzli4, Bénédicte Jacquemin25, Judith Garcia-Aymerich5. 1. ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Population Health and Occupational Diseases, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: e.fuertes@imperial.ac.uk. 2. Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany. 3. Population Health and Occupational Diseases, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. 4. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 5. ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. 6. Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 7. Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. 8. Division of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. 9. Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 10. Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland. 11. Department of Pneumology, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, Spain. 12. Population Health and Occupational Diseases, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany. 13. Population Health Sciences, Britsol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. 14. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. 15. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. 16. Inserm, UMR 1152, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot Paris, UMR 1152, Paris, France. 17. Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. 18. Servicio de Neumología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, (CHUA), Albacete, Spain; Servicio de Salud de Castilla - La Mancha (SESCAM), Spain; Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Albacete, Spain. 19. Respiratory Department, Galdakao Hospital, OSI Barrualde-Galdakao, Biscay, Spain. 20. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Department Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 21. Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. 22. Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA-Inserm U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France. 23. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 24. Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. 25. ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; VIMA: Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, U1168, Institut Médical de Santé et Recherche Médicale, Villejuif, France; Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)-S1168, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have examined whether a long-term beneficial effect of physical activity on lung function can be influenced by living in polluted urban areas. OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether annual average residential concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and <10 μm (PM10) modify the effect of physical activity on lung function among never- (N = 2801) and current (N = 1719) smokers in the multi-center European Community Respiratory Health Survey. METHODS: Associations between repeated assessments (at 27-57 and 39-67 years) of being physically active (physical activity: ≥2 times and ≥1 h per week) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were evaluated using adjusted mixed linear regression models. Models were conducted separately for never- and current smokers and stratified by residential long-term NO2, PM2.5 mass and PM10 mass concentrations (≤75th percentile (low/medium) versus >75th percentile (high)). RESULTS: Among current smokers, physical activity and lung function were positively associated regardless of air pollution levels. Among never-smokers, physical activity was associated with lung function in areas with low/medium NO2, PM2.5 mass and PM10 mass concentrations (e.g. mean difference in FVC between active and non-active subjects was 43.0 mL (13.6, 72.5), 49.5 mL (20.1, 78.8) and 49.7 mL (18.6, 80.7), respectively), but these associations were attenuated in high air pollution areas. Only the interaction term of physical activity and PM10 mass for FEV1 among never-smokers was significant (p-value = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity has beneficial effects on adult lung function in current smokers, irrespective of residential air pollution levels in Western Europe. Trends among never-smokers living in high air pollution areas are less clear.
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have examined whether a long-term beneficial effect of physical activity on lung function can be influenced by living in polluted urban areas. OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether annual average residential concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and <10 μm (PM10) modify the effect of physical activity on lung function among never- (N = 2801) and current (N = 1719) smokers in the multi-center European Community Respiratory Health Survey. METHODS: Associations between repeated assessments (at 27-57 and 39-67 years) of being physically active (physical activity: ≥2 times and ≥1 h per week) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were evaluated using adjusted mixed linear regression models. Models were conducted separately for never- and current smokers and stratified by residential long-term NO2, PM2.5 mass and PM10 mass concentrations (≤75th percentile (low/medium) versus >75th percentile (high)). RESULTS: Among current smokers, physical activity and lung function were positively associated regardless of air pollution levels. Among never-smokers, physical activity was associated with lung function in areas with low/medium NO2, PM2.5 mass and PM10 mass concentrations (e.g. mean difference in FVC between active and non-active subjects was 43.0 mL (13.6, 72.5), 49.5 mL (20.1, 78.8) and 49.7 mL (18.6, 80.7), respectively), but these associations were attenuated in high air pollution areas. Only the interaction term of physical activity and PM10 mass for FEV1 among never-smokers was significant (p-value = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity has beneficial effects on adult lung function in current smokers, irrespective of residential air pollution levels in Western Europe. Trends among never-smokers living in high air pollution areas are less clear.
Authors: Magnus Svartengren; Gui-Hong Cai; Andrei Malinovschi; Jenny Theorell-Haglöw; Christer Janson; Sölve Elmståhl; Lars Lind; Erik Lampa; Eva Lindberg Journal: ERJ Open Res Date: 2020-11-02
Authors: Marko Tainio; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen; Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen; Liang Hu; Audrey de Nazelle; Ruopeng An; Leandro M T Garcia; Shifalika Goenka; Belen Zapata-Diomedi; Fiona Bull; Thiago Herick de Sá Journal: Environ Int Date: 2020-12-19 Impact factor: 9.621