OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of infections, but the effect of better control has not been thoroughly investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: With the use of English primary care data, average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) during 2008-2009 was estimated for 85,312 patients with DM ages 40-89 years. Infection rates during 2010-2015 compiled from primary care, linked hospital, and mortality records were estimated across 18 infection categories and further summarized as any requiring a prescription or hospitalization or as cause of death. Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by HbA1c categories across all DM, and type 1 and type 2 DM separately. IRRs also were compared with 153,341 age-sex-practice-matched controls without DM. Attributable fractions (AF%) among patients with DM were estimated for an optimal control scenario (HbA1c 6-7% [42-53 mmol/mol]). RESULTS: Long-term infection risk rose with increasing HbA1c for most outcomes. Compared with patients without DM, those with DM and optimal control (HbA1c 6-7% [42-53 mmol/mol], IRR 1.41 [95% CI 1.36-1.47]) and poor control (≥11% [97 mmol/mol], 4.70 [4.24-5.21]) had elevated hospitalization risks for infection. In patients with type 1 DM and poor control, this risk was even greater (IRR 8.47 [5.86-12.24]). Comparisons within patients with DM confirmed the risk of hospitalization with poor control (2.70 [2.43-3.00]) after adjustment for duration and other confounders. AF% of poor control were high for serious infections, particularly bone and joint (46%), endocarditis (26%), tuberculosis (24%), sepsis (21%), infection-related hospitalization (17%), and mortality (16%). CONCLUSIONS: Poor glycemic control is powerfully associated with serious infections and should be a high priority.
OBJECTIVE:Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of infections, but the effect of better control has not been thoroughly investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: With the use of English primary care data, average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) during 2008-2009 was estimated for 85,312 patients with DM ages 40-89 years. Infection rates during 2010-2015 compiled from primary care, linked hospital, and mortality records were estimated across 18 infection categories and further summarized as any requiring a prescription or hospitalization or as cause of death. Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by HbA1c categories across all DM, and type 1 and type 2 DM separately. IRRs also were compared with 153,341 age-sex-practice-matched controls without DM. Attributable fractions (AF%) among patients with DM were estimated for an optimal control scenario (HbA1c 6-7% [42-53 mmol/mol]). RESULTS: Long-term infection risk rose with increasing HbA1c for most outcomes. Compared with patients without DM, those with DM and optimal control (HbA1c 6-7% [42-53 mmol/mol], IRR 1.41 [95% CI 1.36-1.47]) and poor control (≥11% [97 mmol/mol], 4.70 [4.24-5.21]) had elevated hospitalization risks for infection. In patients with type 1 DM and poor control, this risk was even greater (IRR 8.47 [5.86-12.24]). Comparisons within patients with DM confirmed the risk of hospitalization with poor control (2.70 [2.43-3.00]) after adjustment for duration and other confounders. AF% of poor control were high for serious infections, particularly bone and joint (46%), endocarditis (26%), tuberculosis (24%), sepsis (21%), infection-related hospitalization (17%), and mortality (16%). CONCLUSIONS: Poor glycemic control is powerfully associated with serious infections and should be a high priority.
Authors: K Reinholdt; C Munk; L T Thomsen; C Dehlendorff; B Carstensen; M E Jørgensen; S K Kjaer Journal: Acta Diabetol Date: 2021-09-09 Impact factor: 4.280
Authors: Amany Magdy Beshbishy; Victor B Oti; Diaa E Hussein; Ibrahim F Rehan; Oluyomi S Adeyemi; Nallely Rivero-Perez; Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida; Muhammad Ajmal Shah; Khaled Abouelezz; Helal F Hetta; Natália Cruz-Martins; Gaber El-Saber Batiha Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2021-07-07
Authors: Le Minh Tu Phan; Thuy Anh Thu Vo; Thi Xoan Hoang; Sathish Panneer Selvam; Hoang Lan Pham; Jae Young Kim; Sungbo Cho Journal: Adv Mater Technol Date: 2021-05-06