T Munder1, C Flückiger2, F Leichsenring3, A A Abbass4, M J Hilsenroth5, P Luyten6, S Rabung7, C Steinert3, B E Wampold8. 1. Psychologische Hochschule Berlin,Berlin,Germany. 2. Department of Psychology,University of Zürich,Zürich,Switzerland. 3. Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy,Justus-Liebig-University Giessen,Giessen,Germany. 4. Department of Psychiatry,Centre for Emotions and Health, Dalhousie University,Halifax, NS,Canada. 5. The Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies,Adelphi University, Hy Weinberg Center,Garden City, NY,USA. 6. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences,University of Leuven,Leuven,Belgium. 7. Department of Psychology,Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt,Klagenfurt,Austria. 8. Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Modum Bad,Vikersund,Norway.
Abstract
AimsThe aim of this study was to reanalyse the data from Cuijpers et al.'s (2018) meta-analysis, to examine Eysenck's claim that psychotherapy is not effective. Cuijpers et al., after correcting for bias, concluded that the effect of psychotherapy for depression was small (standardised mean difference, SMD, between 0.20 and 0.30), providing evidence that psychotherapy is not as effective as generally accepted. METHODS: The data for this study were the effect sizes included in Cuijpers et al. (2018). We removed outliers from the data set of effects, corrected for publication bias and segregated psychotherapy from other interventions. In our study, we considered wait-list (WL) controls as the most appropriate estimate of the natural history of depression without intervention. RESULTS: The SMD for all interventions and for psychotherapy compared to WL controls was approximately 0.70, a value consistent with past estimates of the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy was also more effective than care-as-usual (SMD = 0.31) and other control groups (SMD = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: The re-analysis reveals that psychotherapy for adult patients diagnosed with depression is effective.
AimsThe aim of this study was to reanalyse the data from Cuijpers et al.'s (2018) meta-analysis, to examine Eysenck's claim that psychotherapy is not effective. Cuijpers et al., after correcting for bias, concluded that the effect of psychotherapy for depression was small (standardised mean difference, SMD, between 0.20 and 0.30), providing evidence that psychotherapy is not as effective as generally accepted. METHODS: The data for this study were the effect sizes included in Cuijpers et al. (2018). We removed outliers from the data set of effects, corrected for publication bias and segregated psychotherapy from other interventions. In our study, we considered wait-list (WL) controls as the most appropriate estimate of the natural history of depression without intervention. RESULTS: The SMD for all interventions and for psychotherapy compared to WL controls was approximately 0.70, a value consistent with past estimates of the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy was also more effective than care-as-usual (SMD = 0.31) and other control groups (SMD = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: The re-analysis reveals that psychotherapy for adult patients diagnosed with depression is effective.
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