Nahid Mostafavi1, Roel Vermeulen2, Akram Ghantous3, Gerard Hoek4, Nicole Probst-Hensch5, Zdenko Herceg6, Sonia Tarallo7, Alessio Naccarati8, Jos C S Kleinjans9, Medea Imboden10, Ayoung Jeong11, David Morley12, Andre F S Amaral13, Erik van Nunen14, John Gulliver15, Marc Chadeau-Hyam16, Paolo Vineis17, Jelle Vlaanderen18. 1. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: n.s.mostafavimontazeri@uu.nl. 2. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: R.C.H.Vermeulen@uu.nl. 3. Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Electronic address: GhantousA@iarc.fr. 4. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: G.Hoek@uu.nl. 5. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: nicole.probst@swisstph.ch. 6. Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Electronic address: HercegZ@iarc.fr. 7. Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy. Electronic address: sonia.tarallo@iigm.it. 8. Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy. 9. Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.kleinjans@maastrichtuniversity.nl. 10. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Medea.Imboden@unibas.ch. 11. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: a.jeong@swisstph.ch. 12. Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: d.morley@imperial.ac.uk. 13. Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. Electronic address: a.amaral@imperial.ac.uk. 14. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: e.vannunen@uu.nl. 15. Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: j.gulliver@imperial.ac.uk. 16. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.chadeau@imperial.ac.uk. 17. Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: p.vineis@imperial.ac.uk. 18. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: J.J.Vlaanderen@uu.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: One of the potential mechanisms linking air pollution to health effects is through changes in DNA-methylation, which so far has mainly been analyzed globally or at candidate sites. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of personal and ambient air pollution exposure measures with genome-wide DNA-methylation changes. METHODS: We collected repeated 24-hour personal and ambient exposure measurements of particulate matter (PM2.5), PM2.5 absorbance, and ultrafine particles (UFP) and peripheral blood samples from a panel of 157 healthy non-smoking adults living in four European countries. We applied univariate mixed-effects models to investigate the association between air pollution and genome-wide DNA-methylation perturbations at single CpG (cytosine-guanine dinucleotide) sites and in Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs). Subsequently, we explored the association of air pollution-induced methylation alterations with gene expression and serum immune marker levels measured in the same subjects. RESULTS: Personal exposure to PM2.5 was associated with methylation changes at 13 CpG sites and 69 DMRs. Two of the 13 identified CpG sites (mapped to genes KNDC1 and FAM50B) were located within these DMRs. In addition, 42 DMRs were associated with personal PM2.5 absorbance exposure, 16 DMRs with personal exposure to UFP, 4 DMRs with ambient exposure to PM2.5, 16 DMRs with ambient PM2.5 absorbance exposure, and 15 DMRs with ambient UFP exposure. Correlation between methylation levels at identified CpG sites and gene expression and immune markers was generally moderate. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for an association between 24-hour exposure to air pollution and DNA-methylation at single sites and regional clusters of CpGs. Analysis of differentially methylated regions provides a promising avenue to further explore the subtle impact of environmental exposures on DNA-methylation.
BACKGROUND: One of the potential mechanisms linking air pollution to health effects is through changes in DNA-methylation, which so far has mainly been analyzed globally or at candidate sites. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of personal and ambient air pollution exposure measures with genome-wide DNA-methylation changes. METHODS: We collected repeated 24-hour personal and ambient exposure measurements of particulate matter (PM2.5), PM2.5 absorbance, and ultrafine particles (UFP) and peripheral blood samples from a panel of 157 healthy non-smoking adults living in four European countries. We applied univariate mixed-effects models to investigate the association between air pollution and genome-wide DNA-methylation perturbations at single CpG (cytosine-guanine dinucleotide) sites and in Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs). Subsequently, we explored the association of air pollution-induced methylation alterations with gene expression and serum immune marker levels measured in the same subjects. RESULTS: Personal exposure to PM2.5 was associated with methylation changes at 13 CpG sites and 69 DMRs. Two of the 13 identified CpG sites (mapped to genes KNDC1 and FAM50B) were located within these DMRs. In addition, 42 DMRs were associated with personal PM2.5 absorbance exposure, 16 DMRs with personal exposure to UFP, 4 DMRs with ambient exposure to PM2.5, 16 DMRs with ambient PM2.5 absorbance exposure, and 15 DMRs with ambient UFP exposure. Correlation between methylation levels at identified CpG sites and gene expression and immune markers was generally moderate. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for an association between 24-hour exposure to air pollution and DNA-methylation at single sites and regional clusters of CpGs. Analysis of differentially methylated regions provides a promising avenue to further explore the subtle impact of environmental exposures on DNA-methylation.
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