Şükran Yurtoğulları1, Özlem Taşkapılıoğlu2, Burkay Öztürk3, Başar Bilgiç4, Bahattin Hakyemez2, Nevin Türkeş2, Öner Gelişken5, Ömer Faruk Turan2, Mustafa Bakar2. 1. Clinic of Neurology, Kırıkkale High Specialty Hospital, Kırıkkale, Turkey. 2. Clinic of Neurology, Uludağ University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey. 3. Department of Radiology, Çorum İskilip State Hospital, Çorum, Turkey. 4. Clinic of Neurology, İstanbul University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, Uludağ University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment is also an important cause of disability in MS in addition to motor, sensory, visual, and cerebellar affections. The aim of this study is to show the relation between the cognitive disability in MS with brain atrophy and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). METHODS: Forty-three multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and 15 healthy individuals as controls were included in the study. MS patients were divided into three groups as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), relapsing-remitting with optic neuritis (RRMS+ON), and secondary-progressive MS (SPMS). An experienced psychologist performed modified Wechsler Memory Scale Revised form (WMS-R), Lines Orientation test, Stroop Color Word Interference test (STROOP), Standard Raven Progressive Matrices (SRPM), Benton Facial Recognition Test, verbal fluency test, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition tests in all cases. Optic coherence tomographies (OCT) were done. Cranial subcortical volumes of all subjects were measured using 3-dimensonal T1A imagines obtained by the cranial subcortical 1.5 tesla MR device (fully automatic Freesurfer program). Brain parenchymal fractions were calculated by proportioning the obtained volume measurements to the total intracranial volume. RESULTS: Fifty-eight subjects (65.5% female, 34.5% male) were enrolled in the study. There were significant differences among the groups in terms of parenchymal thickness, volumes of third ventricle, and white matter. There was a significant correlation between the volumes of the deep gray matter, mesial temporal structures and lateral ventricular volumes, and the test results of the WMS-R. OCT scores of all MS patients, whether or not they experienced optic neuritis, had increased, being worse especially in the SPMS group. Correlation between RNFL and the brain parenchymal fractions of the patients were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Manual methods instead of automatic segmentation method are being more commonly used in the studies with brain atrophy and MS in our country. A significant correlation between OCT scores and brain atrophy is shown with our present study, and this is followed as a reflection of decrease in cognitive tests that provides valuable and reliable knowledge for the literature.
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment is also an important cause of disability in MS in addition to motor, sensory, visual, and cerebellar affections. The aim of this study is to show the relation between the cognitive disability in MS with brain atrophy and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). METHODS: Forty-three multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and 15 healthy individuals as controls were included in the study. MS patients were divided into three groups as relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), relapsing-remitting with optic neuritis (RRMS+ON), and secondary-progressive MS (SPMS). An experienced psychologist performed modified Wechsler Memory Scale Revised form (WMS-R), Lines Orientation test, Stroop Color Word Interference test (STROOP), Standard Raven Progressive Matrices (SRPM), Benton Facial Recognition Test, verbal fluency test, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition tests in all cases. Optic coherence tomographies (OCT) were done. Cranial subcortical volumes of all subjects were measured using 3-dimensonal T1A imagines obtained by the cranial subcortical 1.5 tesla MR device (fully automatic Freesurfer program). Brain parenchymal fractions were calculated by proportioning the obtained volume measurements to the total intracranial volume. RESULTS: Fifty-eight subjects (65.5% female, 34.5% male) were enrolled in the study. There were significant differences among the groups in terms of parenchymal thickness, volumes of third ventricle, and white matter. There was a significant correlation between the volumes of the deep gray matter, mesial temporal structures and lateral ventricular volumes, and the test results of the WMS-R. OCT scores of all MS patients, whether or not they experienced optic neuritis, had increased, being worse especially in the SPMS group. Correlation between RNFL and the brain parenchymal fractions of the patients were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Manual methods instead of automatic segmentation method are being more commonly used in the studies with brain atrophy and MS in our country. A significant correlation between OCT scores and brain atrophy is shown with our present study, and this is followed as a reflection of decrease in cognitive tests that provides valuable and reliable knowledge for the literature.
Authors: Deepa Preeti Ramasamy; Ralph H B Benedict; Jennifer L Cox; David Fritz; Nadir Abdelrahman; Sara Hussein; Alireza Minagar; Michael G Dwyer; Robert Zivadinov Journal: J Neurol Sci Date: 2009-02-06 Impact factor: 3.181
Authors: Ralph H B Benedict; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman; Inna Fishman; Jitendra Sharma; Christopher W Tjoa; Rohit Bakshi Journal: Arch Neurol Date: 2004-02
Authors: N L Sicotte; K C Kern; B S Giesser; A Arshanapalli; A Schultz; M Montag; H Wang; S Y Bookheimer Journal: Brain Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Ayda Tekok-Kilic; Ralph H B Benedict; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman; Michael G Dwyer; Dominic Carone; Bhooma Srinivasaraghavan; Viritha Yella; Nadir Abdelrahman; Frederick Munschauer; Rohit Bakshi; Robert Zivadinov Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2007-04-18 Impact factor: 6.556