PURPOSE: To review the current literature and discuss potential future roles of the novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS: A literature search on February 19th 2018 was conducted using the Medline database and www.clinicaltrials.gov . Additionally, illustrative cases of CRPC patients from our own institution who were restaged and treated based on PSMA-PET scan results are provided. RESULTS: 11 Studies met the inclusion criteria. PSMA-PET detected more metastatic lesions compared to conventional bone scan. Several patients were up-staged from non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC) to metastatic CRPC (mCRPC). Currently, no clear consensus exists regarding treatment response assessment in PSMA-PET scans for mCRPC patients undergoing treatment. Also, the role of PSMA-PET as a gatekeeper for systemic therapy or radioligands is currently undefined. PSMA-guided metastasis-directed radiotherapy may not only alleviate local symptoms but has the potential to defer systemic treatment in patients with oligoprogressive CRPC. CONCLUSION: Compared to bone scan, PSMA-PET is more sensitive and specific to detect metastases but the therapeutic consequences of PSMA-PET results in the setting of CRPC remain unclear. Until future studies define the role of PSMA-PET in patients with CRPC, the current standard for imaging remains bone scan and computerized tomography.
PURPOSE: To review the current literature and discuss potential future roles of the novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS: A literature search on February 19th 2018 was conducted using the Medline database and www.clinicaltrials.gov . Additionally, illustrative cases of CRPC patients from our own institution who were restaged and treated based on PSMA-PET scan results are provided. RESULTS: 11 Studies met the inclusion criteria. PSMA-PET detected more metastatic lesions compared to conventional bone scan. Several patients were up-staged from non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC) to metastatic CRPC (mCRPC). Currently, no clear consensus exists regarding treatment response assessment in PSMA-PET scans for mCRPC patients undergoing treatment. Also, the role of PSMA-PET as a gatekeeper for systemic therapy or radioligands is currently undefined. PSMA-guided metastasis-directed radiotherapy may not only alleviate local symptoms but has the potential to defer systemic treatment in patients with oligoprogressive CRPC. CONCLUSION: Compared to bone scan, PSMA-PET is more sensitive and specific to detect metastases but the therapeutic consequences of PSMA-PET results in the setting of CRPC remain unclear. Until future studies define the role of PSMA-PET in patients with CRPC, the current standard for imaging remains bone scan and computerized tomography.
Authors: Roel A M Heesakkers; Anke M Hövels; Gerrit J Jager; Harrie C M van den Bosch; J Alfred Witjes; Hein P J Raat; Johan L Severens; Eddy M M Adang; Christina Hulsbergen van der Kaa; Jurgen J Fütterer; Jelle Barentsz Journal: Lancet Oncol Date: 2008-08-15 Impact factor: 41.316
Authors: Johann S de Bono; Christopher J Logothetis; Arturo Molina; Karim Fizazi; Scott North; Luis Chu; Kim N Chi; Robert J Jones; Oscar B Goodman; Fred Saad; John N Staffurth; Paul Mainwaring; Stephen Harland; Thomas W Flaig; Thomas E Hutson; Tina Cheng; Helen Patterson; John D Hainsworth; Charles J Ryan; Cora N Sternberg; Susan L Ellard; Aude Fléchon; Mansoor Saleh; Mark Scholz; Eleni Efstathiou; Andrea Zivi; Diletta Bianchini; Yohann Loriot; Nicole Chieffo; Thian Kheoh; Christopher M Haqq; Howard I Scher Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2011-05-26 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Philip W Kantoff; Celestia S Higano; Neal D Shore; E Roy Berger; Eric J Small; David F Penson; Charles H Redfern; Anna C Ferrari; Robert Dreicer; Robert B Sims; Yi Xu; Mark W Frohlich; Paul F Schellhammer Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2010-07-29 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Karim Fizazi; Howard I Scher; Arturo Molina; Christopher J Logothetis; Kim N Chi; Robert J Jones; John N Staffurth; Scott North; Nicholas J Vogelzang; Fred Saad; Paul Mainwaring; Stephen Harland; Oscar B Goodman; Cora N Sternberg; Jin Hui Li; Thian Kheoh; Christopher M Haqq; Johann S de Bono Journal: Lancet Oncol Date: 2012-09-18 Impact factor: 41.316
Authors: Howard I Scher; Karim Fizazi; Fred Saad; Mary-Ellen Taplin; Cora N Sternberg; Kurt Miller; Ronald de Wit; Peter Mulders; Kim N Chi; Neal D Shore; Andrew J Armstrong; Thomas W Flaig; Aude Fléchon; Paul Mainwaring; Mark Fleming; John D Hainsworth; Mohammad Hirmand; Bryan Selby; Lynn Seely; Johann S de Bono Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2012-08-15 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Johann Sebastian de Bono; Stephane Oudard; Mustafa Ozguroglu; Steinbjørn Hansen; Jean-Pascal Machiels; Ivo Kocak; Gwenaëlle Gravis; Istvan Bodrogi; Mary J Mackenzie; Liji Shen; Martin Roessner; Sunil Gupta; A Oliver Sartor Journal: Lancet Date: 2010-10-02 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: E A Eisenhauer; P Therasse; J Bogaerts; L H Schwartz; D Sargent; R Ford; J Dancey; S Arbuck; S Gwyther; M Mooney; L Rubinstein; L Shankar; L Dodd; R Kaplan; D Lacombe; J Verweij Journal: Eur J Cancer Date: 2009-01 Impact factor: 9.162
Authors: C Parker; S Nilsson; D Heinrich; S I Helle; J M O'Sullivan; S D Fosså; A Chodacki; P Wiechno; J Logue; M Seke; A Widmark; D C Johannessen; P Hoskin; D Bottomley; N D James; A Solberg; I Syndikus; J Kliment; S Wedel; S Boehmer; M Dall'Oglio; L Franzén; R Coleman; N J Vogelzang; C G O'Bryan-Tear; K Staudacher; J Garcia-Vargas; M Shan; Ø S Bruland; O Sartor Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2013-07-18 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Matthew Dowling; Jonathan Samuelson; Bahaa Fadl-Alla; Holly C Pondenis; Mark Byrum; Anne M Barger; Timothy M Fan Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-01-02 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Saskia Fassbind; Daniela A Ferraro; Jean-Jacques Stelmes; Christian D Fankhauser; Matthias Guckenberger; Philipp A Kaufmann; Daniel Eberli; Irene A Burger; Benedikt Kranzbühler Journal: Ann Nucl Med Date: 2021-06-29 Impact factor: 2.668