Possible link between photosynthesis and leaf modulus of elasticity among vascular plants: a new player in leaf traits relationships?

A compromise between carbon assimilation and structure investment at the leaf level is broadly accepted, yet the relationship between net assimilation per area (An ) and leaf mass per area has been elusive. We propose bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) as a suitable parameter to reflect both leaf structure and function, and an inverse relationship between ε and An and mesophyll conductance (gm ) is postulated. Using data for An , gm and ε from previous studies and new measurements on a set of 20 species covering all major growth forms, a negative relationship between An or gm and ε was observed. High ε was also related to low leaf capacitance and higher diffusive limitations to photosynthesis. In conclusion, ε emerges as a key trait linked with photosynthetic capacity across vascular plants, and its relationship with gm suggests the existence of a common mechanistic basis, probably involving a key role of cell walls.