Jianxing Yu1, Shengjie Lai2, Qibin Geng3, Chuchu Ye4, Zike Zhang5, Yaming Zheng6, Liping Wang6, Zhaojun Duan7, Jing Zhang6, Shuyu Wu8, Umesh Parashar9, Weizhong Yang10, Qiaohong Liao11, Zhongjie Li12. 1. MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Dr. Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 9 Dongdan 3rd Alley, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China; Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. 2. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; WorldPop Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.; Flowminder Foundation, Roslagsgatan 17, SE-11355 Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China. 4. Research Base of Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease in China CDC, Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200136, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 5. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. 6. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. 7. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. 8. Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100600, China. 9. Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. 10. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. 11. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: liaoqh@chinacdc.cn. 12. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changbai Rd. 155#, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China. Electronic address: lizj@chinacdc.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. In China, the universal immunization of children with the rotavirus vaccine has not been introduced, and the two globally distributed vaccines (RotaTeq and Rotarix) are not licensed in the country. We aim to determine the prevalence and strain diversity of rotavirus in children with diarrhea aged ≤ five years across China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sentinel-based surveillance of acute diarrhea was conducted at 213 participating hospitals in China from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2015. Group A rotavirus (RVA) was tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and G- and P-genotype of RVA were tested by RT-PCR methods. RESULTS: Of 33,616 children with diarrhea, 10,089 (30%) were positive for RVA; RVA-associated diarrhea was identified in 2247 (39.5%, n = 2247/5685) inpatients and 7842 (28.1%, n = 7842/27931) outpatients. Children living in low-middle-income regions suffered from the highest burden of rotavirus, with 40.7% of diarrhea cases attributed to rotavirus infection, followed by 31.3% in upper-middle-income and 11.2% in high-income regions. The majority of children (88.9%, n = 8976/10089) who tested positive for RVA were children aged ≤ 2 years. The seasonal peak of RVA was in the winter. Among all 2533 RVA strains genotyped, five strain combinations, G9P[8], G3P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4] and G3P[4], contributed to 71.3% (1807/2533) of the RVA-associated diarrhea cases. The predominant strain of RVA has rapidly evolved from G3P[8] and G1P[8] to G9P[8] in the recent years, with the proportion of G9P[8] having increased remarkably from 3.4% in 2009 to 60.9% in 2015. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of diarrhea attributed to rotavirus is high in China, highlighting the potential value of vaccination. The rapid shift of RVA strains highlights the importance of conducting rotavirus surveillance to ensure that currently marketed vaccines provide protective efficacy against the circulating strains.
BACKGROUND: Rotavirus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. In China, the universal immunization of children with the rotavirus vaccine has not been introduced, and the two globally distributed vaccines (RotaTeq and Rotarix) are not licensed in the country. We aim to determine the prevalence and strain diversity of rotavirus in children with diarrhea aged ≤ five years across China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sentinel-based surveillance of acute diarrhea was conducted at 213 participating hospitals in China from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2015. Group A rotavirus (RVA) was tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and G- and P-genotype of RVA were tested by RT-PCR methods. RESULTS: Of 33,616 children with diarrhea, 10,089 (30%) were positive for RVA; RVA-associated diarrhea was identified in 2247 (39.5%, n = 2247/5685) inpatients and 7842 (28.1%, n = 7842/27931) outpatients. Children living in low-middle-income regions suffered from the highest burden of rotavirus, with 40.7% of diarrhea cases attributed to rotavirus infection, followed by 31.3% in upper-middle-income and 11.2% in high-income regions. The majority of children (88.9%, n = 8976/10089) who tested positive for RVA were children aged ≤ 2 years. The seasonal peak of RVA was in the winter. Among all 2533 RVA strains genotyped, five strain combinations, G9P[8], G3P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4] and G3P[4], contributed to 71.3% (1807/2533) of the RVA-associated diarrhea cases. The predominant strain of RVA has rapidly evolved from G3P[8] and G1P[8] to G9P[8] in the recent years, with the proportion of G9P[8] having increased remarkably from 3.4% in 2009 to 60.9% in 2015. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of diarrhea attributed to rotavirus is high in China, highlighting the potential value of vaccination. The rapid shift of RVA strains highlights the importance of conducting rotavirus surveillance to ensure that currently marketed vaccines provide protective efficacy against the circulating strains.
Authors: Waled M El-Senousy; Amel S M Abu Senna; Nabil A Mohsen; Seham F Hasan; Nagwa M Sidkey Journal: Food Environ Virol Date: 2020-04-11 Impact factor: 2.778
Authors: Filipe A Carvalho-Costa; Rosane M S de Assis; Alexandre M Fialho; Irene T Araújo; Marcelle F Silva; Mariela M Gómez; Juliana S Andrade; Tatiana L Rose; Tulio M Fumian; Eduardo M Volotão; Marize P Miagostovich; José Paulo G Leite Journal: BMC Pediatr Date: 2019-01-31 Impact factor: 2.125