Mohsen Mazidi1, Nitin Shivappa2, Michael D Wirth2, James R Hebert2, Dimitri P Mikhailidis3, Andre Pascal Kengne4, Maciej Banach5. 1. Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: mazidi@chalmers.se. 2. Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 400, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA. 3. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK. 4. Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 5. Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Healthy Aging Research Centre (HARC), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We investigated the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) scores and cardio-metabolic risk factors singly and in combination as metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS: We used data from participants selected from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Analyses were restricted to participants with data available on dietary intake, biochemical data, and anthropometric measurements from 2005 to 2012. Statistical analyses used the SPSS® Complex Samples v22.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) and accounted for the survey design and sample weights. Energy-adjusted-DII (E-DII®) expressed per 1000 kcal was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls. Of the 17,689 participants with evaluable data, 8607 (48.3%) were men. The mean age was 45.8 years in the overall sample, with men being slightly younger than women (44.9 vs. 46.5 years, p = 0.05). RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted regression models, the odds of MetS, its components, as well as obesity, and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) increased across increasing quartiles of E-DII (p < 0.001). In age, sex, race, income-to-poverty ratio-adjusted models, these and other cardiovascular disease risk factors (triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, apolipoprotein (B) and HbA1C) increased across quartiles of the E-DII (all p < 0.001), while HDL-C levels decreased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests associations between MetS, its components, subclinical inflammation, and the DII. These results reinforce the view that diet plays an important role in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We investigated the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) scores and cardio-metabolic risk factors singly and in combination as metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS: We used data from participants selected from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Analyses were restricted to participants with data available on dietary intake, biochemical data, and anthropometric measurements from 2005 to 2012. Statistical analyses used the SPSS® Complex Samples v22.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) and accounted for the survey design and sample weights. Energy-adjusted-DII (E-DII®) expressed per 1000 kcal was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls. Of the 17,689 participants with evaluable data, 8607 (48.3%) were men. The mean age was 45.8 years in the overall sample, with men being slightly younger than women (44.9 vs. 46.5 years, p = 0.05). RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted regression models, the odds of MetS, its components, as well as obesity, and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) increased across increasing quartiles of E-DII (p < 0.001). In age, sex, race, income-to-poverty ratio-adjusted models, these and other cardiovascular disease risk factors (triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, apolipoprotein (B) and HbA1C) increased across quartiles of the E-DII (all p < 0.001), while HDL-C levels decreased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests associations between MetS, its components, subclinical inflammation, and the DII. These results reinforce the view that diet plays an important role in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
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