Madeleine D Hunter1, Adele Shenoy2, Andrew Dwork3, Mitchell S V Elkind4,5, Randolph Marshall4, Jay P Mohr4, Susan Morgello6, Jose Gutierrez4. 1. Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. 2. New York Medical College, Valhalla. 3. Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology and Psychiatry. 4. Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. 6. Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test whether HIV is associated with brain large artery vulnerable intima. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of autopsied HIV-positive (HIV+) cases sex and age-matched to HIV-negative (HIV-) controls. METHODS: Brain large arteries from 302 autopsied cases (50% HIV+) were evaluated morphometrically for the presence of atherosclerosis, size of necrotic core, and fibrous cap thickness. Intima vulnerability was measured as intima elastolytic score [0-5, based on intimal metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor for MMP-1 and MMP-2 staining], intima inflammatory score (0-3, based on intimal presence of CD3 and CD68 cells and TNF-α staining), neoangiogenesis (factor VIII staining), and apoptosis (caspase 3 staining). Hierarchical generalized linear models were used to obtain the beta estimates and their 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of atherosclerosis did not differ by HIV status. Necrotic cores filled larger proportions of the intima in HIV+ individuals with CD4 cell count above 200 cells/μl at death compared to HIV- controls (adjusted B = 11.6%, P = 0.04). HIV+ individuals had greater elastolytic scores (adjusted B = 0.34, P = 0.02), especially those with less than 200 CD4 cells/μl at death (adjusted B = 0.41, P = 0.01). Intima inflammation, neoangiogenesis, and apoptosis were not different among HIV+ cases versus HIV- controls. CONCLUSION: Individuals with HIV and CD4 cell count at least 200 cells/μl at death had relatively larger necrotic cores, whereas those with HIV and CD4 cell count below 200 cells/μl at death had evidence of increased connective tissue remodeling in the intima. These findings suggest an increased potential for endothelial erosion, thrombosis, and plaque rupture that may relate to higher risk for vascular events.
OBJECTIVE: To test whether HIV is associated with brain large artery vulnerable intima. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of autopsied HIV-positive (HIV+) cases sex and age-matched to HIV-negative (HIV-) controls. METHODS: Brain large arteries from 302 autopsied cases (50% HIV+) were evaluated morphometrically for the presence of atherosclerosis, size of necrotic core, and fibrous cap thickness. Intima vulnerability was measured as intima elastolytic score [0-5, based on intimal metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor for MMP-1 and MMP-2 staining], intima inflammatory score (0-3, based on intimal presence of CD3 and CD68 cells and TNF-α staining), neoangiogenesis (factor VIII staining), and apoptosis (caspase 3 staining). Hierarchical generalized linear models were used to obtain the beta estimates and their 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of atherosclerosis did not differ by HIV status. Necrotic cores filled larger proportions of the intima in HIV+ individuals with CD4 cell count above 200 cells/μl at death compared to HIV- controls (adjusted B = 11.6%, P = 0.04). HIV+ individuals had greater elastolytic scores (adjusted B = 0.34, P = 0.02), especially those with less than 200 CD4 cells/μl at death (adjusted B = 0.41, P = 0.01). Intima inflammation, neoangiogenesis, and apoptosis were not different among HIV+ cases versus HIV- controls. CONCLUSION: Individuals with HIV and CD4 cell count at least 200 cells/μl at death had relatively larger necrotic cores, whereas those with HIV and CD4 cell count below 200 cells/μl at death had evidence of increased connective tissue remodeling in the intima. These findings suggest an increased potential for endothelial erosion, thrombosis, and plaque rupture that may relate to higher risk for vascular events.
Authors: Hao Li; Jianping Liang; Diego H Castrillon; Ronald A DePinho; Eric N Olson; Zhi-Ping Liu Journal: Mol Cell Biol Date: 2007-01-22 Impact factor: 4.272
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