Petra Kochová1, Robert Cimrman1, Magdalena Jansová1, Květoslava Michalová2, Vladimir Kalis3, Tereza Kubíková1,4, Zbyněk Tonar1. 1. European Centre of Excellence NTIS, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic. 2. Sikl's Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic. 4. Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The perineal body connects muscles from the pelvic floor and is critical for support of the lower part of the vagina and proper function of the anal canal. We determined mechanical parameters and volume fractions of main components of the human female postmenopausal perineal body. METHODS: The specimens were taken from 15 fresh female cadavers (age 74 ± 10, mean ± standard deviation). Seventy-five specimens from five regions of the perineal body were processed histologically to assess volume fractions of tissue components using stereological point testing grid. Fifteen specimens taken from the midline region were loaded uniaxially with 6 mm/min velocity until tissue rupture to determine Young's modulus of elasticity, ultimate stresses, and strains. RESULTS: The perineal body was composed of collagen (29%), adipose cells (27%), elastin (7%), smooth muscle (11%), and skeletal muscle (3%). The residual tissue (19%) constituted mostly peripheral nerves, lumina of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and fibrocytes. Young's modulus of elasticity at midline region was 18 kPa (median) at small and 232 kPa at large deformations, respectively. The ultimate stress was 172 kPa and the ultimate strain was 1.4. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the structural and mechanical parameters of the perineal body. The resultant data could be used as input for models simulating pelvic floor prolapse or dysfunction.
OBJECTIVE: The perineal body connects muscles from the pelvic floor and is critical for support of the lower part of the vagina and proper function of the anal canal. We determined mechanical parameters and volume fractions of main components of the human female postmenopausal perineal body. METHODS: The specimens were taken from 15 fresh female cadavers (age 74 ± 10, mean ± standard deviation). Seventy-five specimens from five regions of the perineal body were processed histologically to assess volume fractions of tissue components using stereological point testing grid. Fifteen specimens taken from the midline region were loaded uniaxially with 6 mm/min velocity until tissue rupture to determine Young's modulus of elasticity, ultimate stresses, and strains. RESULTS: The perineal body was composed of collagen (29%), adipose cells (27%), elastin (7%), smooth muscle (11%), and skeletal muscle (3%). The residual tissue (19%) constituted mostly peripheral nerves, lumina of blood vessels, fibroblasts, and fibrocytes. Young's modulus of elasticity at midline region was 18 kPa (median) at small and 232 kPa at large deformations, respectively. The ultimate stress was 172 kPa and the ultimate strain was 1.4. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the structural and mechanical parameters of the perineal body. The resultant data could be used as input for models simulating pelvic floor prolapse or dysfunction.
Authors: Hana Cechova; Vladimir Kalis; Linda Havelkova; Zdenek Rusavy; Pavel Fiala; Martina Rybarova; Ludek Hyncik; Ladislav Krofta; Khaled M Ismail Journal: Int Urogynecol J Date: 2021-04-02 Impact factor: 2.894
Authors: Maria Stefania Massaro; Petra Kochová; Richard Pálek; Jáchym Rosendorf; Lenka Červenková; Uta Dahmen; Václav Liška; Vladimíra Moulisová Journal: Front Bioeng Biotechnol Date: 2022-05-16