Alessia Savoldi1, Elena Carrara2, David Y Graham3, Michela Conti2, Evelina Tacconelli4. 1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. 3. Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. 4. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, German Center for Infection Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: evelina.tacconelli@univr.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori a high priority for antibiotic research and development. However, there are no clear data on the global distribution of resistance or its clinical effects. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the distribution of H pylori resistance to commonly used antibiotics and to measure the association between antibiotic resistance and treatment failure. METHODS: We searched publication databases for studies that assessed rates of H pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, or tetracycline. Pooled estimates of primary and secondary resistance and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were grouped by WHO region. The association between antibiotic resistance and treatment failure was measured by extracting data on treatment efficacy in patients with resistant and susceptible isolates and pooling odds ratios with 95% CIs. RESULTS: We identified 178 studies, comprising 66,142 isolates from 65 countries. Primary and secondary resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were ≥15% in all WHO regions, except primary clarithromycin resistance in the Americas (10%; 95% CI, 4%-16%) and South-East Asia region (10%; 95% CI, 5%-16%) and primary levofloxacin resistance in the European region (11%; 95% CI, 9%-13%). There was considerable heterogeneity (I2 > 75%) among all analyses-this might have resulted from the grouping of resistance rates by country. Increasing antibiotic resistance was observed in most WHO regions. Resistance to clarithromycin was significantly associated with failure of clarithromycin-containing regimens (odds ratio, 6.97; 95% CI, 5.23-9.28; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance of H pylori to antibiotics has reached alarming levels worldwide, which has a great effect on efficacy of treatment. Local surveillance networks are required to select appropriate eradication regimens for each region.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori a high priority for antibiotic research and development. However, there are no clear data on the global distribution of resistance or its clinical effects. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the distribution of H pylori resistance to commonly used antibiotics and to measure the association between antibiotic resistance and treatment failure. METHODS: We searched publication databases for studies that assessed rates of H pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, or tetracycline. Pooled estimates of primary and secondary resistance and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were grouped by WHO region. The association between antibiotic resistance and treatment failure was measured by extracting data on treatment efficacy in patients with resistant and susceptible isolates and pooling odds ratios with 95% CIs. RESULTS: We identified 178 studies, comprising 66,142 isolates from 65 countries. Primary and secondary resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were ≥15% in all WHO regions, except primary clarithromycin resistance in the Americas (10%; 95% CI, 4%-16%) and South-East Asia region (10%; 95% CI, 5%-16%) and primary levofloxacin resistance in the European region (11%; 95% CI, 9%-13%). There was considerable heterogeneity (I2 > 75%) among all analyses-this might have resulted from the grouping of resistance rates by country. Increasing antibiotic resistance was observed in most WHO regions. Resistance to clarithromycin was significantly associated with failure of clarithromycin-containing regimens (odds ratio, 6.97; 95% CI, 5.23-9.28; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance of H pylori to antibiotics has reached alarming levels worldwide, which has a great effect on efficacy of treatment. Local surveillance networks are required to select appropriate eradication regimens for each region.
Authors: Mohd Amer Alsamman; Eric C Vecchio; Khaled Shawwa; Gabriel Acosta-Gonzales; Murray B Resnick; Steven F Moss Journal: Dig Dis Sci Date: 2019-06-11 Impact factor: 3.199
Authors: Lisa Quinn; Alexander Sheh; Jessie L Ellis; Donald E Smith; Sarah L Booth; Xueyan Fu; Sureshkumar Muthupalani; Zhongming Ge; Dylan A Puglisi; Timothy C Wang; Tamas A Gonda; Hilda Holcombe; James G Fox Journal: Gut Microbes Date: 2020-01-19