Liran Hiersch1, Howard Berger2, Rania Okby3, Joel G Ray4,5,6, Michael Geary2, Sarah D Mcdonald7,8,9, Beth Murry-Davis7,8,9, Catherine Riddell10, Ilana Halperin11, Haroon Hasan10, Jon Barrett3, Nir Melamed3. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Hospital for Women, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. lirhir@gmail.com. 2. Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3. Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4. Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Department of Obstetrics, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6. Department of Gynaecology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 8. Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 9. Department of Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 10. Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, ON, Canada. 11. Department of Endocrinology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) between women with twin and singleton pregnancies. METHODS: Retrospective study of all women who had a twin or singleton birth in Ontario (2012-2016). Risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs for GDM (stratified by type of treatment) were adjusted for relevant confounding variables. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for GDM in twin and singleton gestations. RESULTS: Of 270,843 women who met inclusion criteria, 266,942 (98.6%) and 3901 (1.4%) had a singleton and a twin pregnancy, respectively. Women with twins had a significantly higher risk for overall GDM (aRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.28) and diet-treated GDM (aRR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.42) while the association with insulin-treated GDM was not significant (aRR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.89-1.28). Maternal age ≥ 35 years, non-Caucasian ethnicity and BMI > 30 kg/m2 were independent risk factors for GDM among women with twins and singletons, and the magnitude of the association of these factors with GDM was similar. CONCLUSIONS: Women with twins are at increased risk of GDM, mainly due to a higher rate of diet-treated GDM. Despite higher baseline risk of GDM in women with twins, the effect of known risk factors for GDM is similar to that observed in singletons.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) between women with twin and singleton pregnancies. METHODS: Retrospective study of all women who had a twin or singleton birth in Ontario (2012-2016). Risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs for GDM (stratified by type of treatment) were adjusted for relevant confounding variables. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for GDM in twin and singleton gestations. RESULTS: Of 270,843 women who met inclusion criteria, 266,942 (98.6%) and 3901 (1.4%) had a singleton and a twin pregnancy, respectively. Women with twins had a significantly higher risk for overall GDM (aRR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.28) and diet-treated GDM (aRR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.42) while the association with insulin-treated GDM was not significant (aRR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.89-1.28). Maternal age ≥ 35 years, non-Caucasian ethnicity and BMI > 30 kg/m2 were independent risk factors for GDM among women with twins and singletons, and the magnitude of the association of these factors with GDM was similar. CONCLUSIONS:Women with twins are at increased risk of GDM, mainly due to a higher rate of diet-treated GDM. Despite higher baseline risk of GDM in women with twins, the effect of known risk factors for GDM is similar to that observed in singletons.
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