Yusuke Tsutsumi1,2, Shingo Fukuma3, Asuka Tsuchiya4,2, Yosuke Yamamoto1, Shunichi Fukuhara1. 1. Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, 280 Sakuranosato Ibaraki-machi, Higashiibaraki-gun, Ibaraki, 311-3117, Japan. 3. Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Yoshida-Kawahara-machi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. fukuma.shingo.3m@kyoto-u.ac.jp. 4. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) is increasingly being incorporated into the initial management of blunt trauma patients. Several observational studies have suggested that, compared to selective CT, WBCT is associated with lower mortality. In contrast, a randomized controlled trial found no significant difference in survival between patients undergoing WBCT compared to selective CT. Our objective was to confirm the association between WBCT and in-hospital mortality among adult severe blunt trauma patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on Japan Trauma Data Bank 2004-2015 registry data. The study population comprised adult severe blunt trauma patients with at least one abnormal vital sign: systolic blood pressure ≤100 mmHg, heart rate ≥120, respiratory rate ≥30 or ≤10, or Glasgow Coma Score ≤13. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. To adjust for both measured and unmeasured confounders, we performed instrumental variable (IV) analysis to compare the in-hospital mortality of patients undergoing WBCT with those undergoing selective CT. RESULTS: Of 40,435 patients who were eligible for this study, 19,766 (48.9%) patients underwent WBCT. The proportion of patients undergoing WBCT significantly increased during the study period, from 10.7% in 2004 to 59.6% in 2015. Primary IV analysis showed a significant association between WBCT and lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.72-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: WBCT can be beneficial in patients with blunt trauma which has compromised vital signs. These findings from a nationwide study suggest that physicians should consider WBCT for blunt trauma patients when warranted by vital signs.
BACKGROUND: Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) is increasingly being incorporated into the initial management of blunt traumapatients. Several observational studies have suggested that, compared to selective CT, WBCT is associated with lower mortality. In contrast, a randomized controlled trial found no significant difference in survival between patients undergoing WBCT compared to selective CT. Our objective was to confirm the association between WBCT and in-hospital mortality among adult severe blunt traumapatients. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on Japan Trauma Data Bank 2004-2015 registry data. The study population comprised adult severe blunt traumapatients with at least one abnormal vital sign: systolic blood pressure ≤100 mmHg, heart rate ≥120, respiratory rate ≥30 or ≤10, or Glasgow Coma Score ≤13. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. To adjust for both measured and unmeasured confounders, we performed instrumental variable (IV) analysis to compare the in-hospital mortality of patients undergoing WBCT with those undergoing selective CT. RESULTS: Of 40,435 patients who were eligible for this study, 19,766 (48.9%) patients underwent WBCT. The proportion of patients undergoing WBCT significantly increased during the study period, from 10.7% in 2004 to 59.6% in 2015. Primary IV analysis showed a significant association between WBCT and lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.72-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: WBCT can be beneficial in patients with blunt trauma which has compromised vital signs. These findings from a nationwide study suggest that physicians should consider WBCT for blunt traumapatients when warranted by vital signs.
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