Hazardous aluminum dross characterization and recycling strategies: A critical review.

By finding appropriate recycling approaches, the volume of wastes, corresponding disposal cost, and the pollution of environment could be diminished. Also, such promising approaches can result in the conservation of natural sources and economic benefits. Aluminum dross as a hazardous solid waste in aluminum production industries has caused serious environmental and public health challenges. Various methods have been introduced for management, utilization, and recycling of the waste. The present review describes, firstly, different types of aluminum dross, their environmental and health hazards, composition, and production process and then focuses on the direct and indirect recycling approaches and recovery strategies.