Carbon-Quantum-Dots-Loaded Ruthenium Nanoparticles as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Media.

Highly active, stable, and cheap Pt-free catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are facing increasing demand as a result of their potential use in future energy-conversion systems. However, the development of HER electrocatalysts with Pt-like or even superior activity, in particular ones that can function under alkaline conditions, remains a significant challenge. Here, the synthesis of a novel carbon-loaded ruthenium nanoparticle electrocatalyst (Ru@CQDs) for the HER, using carbon quantum dots (CQDs), is reported. Electrochemical tests reveal that, even under extremely alkaline conditions (1 m KOH), the as-formed Ru@CQDs exhibits excellent catalytic behavior with an onset overpotential of 0 mV, a Tafel slope of 47 mV decade-1 , and good durability. Most importantly, it only requires an overpotential of 10 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2 . Such catalytic characteristics are superior to the current commercial Pt/C and most noble metals, non-noble metals, and nonmetallic catalysts under basic conditions. These findings open a new field for the application of CQDs and add to the growing family of metal@CQDs with high HER performance.