[New aspects of immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis].

The spectrum of therapeutic options for immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis is continuously broadening. After the approval of cladribine and ocrelizumab in Europe, two new drugs are now available with ocrelizumab being the first approved option for treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis; however, the increased use of highly effective therapies is accompanied by a rise in severe side effects. During recent months, special attention was paid to the new progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) risk assessment in natalizumab-treated patients, cardiac side effects of fingolimod, cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and listeria meningitis associated with alemtuzumab and cases of daclizumab-treated patients with liver failure or encephalitis. These case reports highlight the importance of careful monitoring of all patients treated with immunomodulatory therapies.