Aryana T Amoon1, Catherine M Crespi2, Anders Ahlbom3, Megha Bhatnagar1, Isabelle Bray4, Kathryn J Bunch5, Jacqueline Clavel6,7, Maria Feychting3, Denis Hémon6, Christoffer Johansen8,9, Christian Kreis10, Carlotta Malagoli11, Fabienne Marquant6, Camilla Pedersen8, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen8,12, Martin Röösli13,14, Ben D Spycher10, Madhuri Sudan1,15,16, John Swanson17, Andrea Tittarelli18, Deirdre M Tuck19,20, Tore Tynes21, Ximena Vergara1,22, Marco Vinceti11,23, Victor Wünsch-Filho24, Leeka Kheifets25. 1. Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA. 2. Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA. 3. Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK. 5. National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK. 6. Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers, CRESS, INSERM, UMR 1153, Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, France. 7. National Registry of Childhood Cancers - Hematological Malignancies, Villejuif, France. 8. The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. 9. Oncology Clinic, Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet 5073, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. 10. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 11. Research Center of Environmental (CREAGEN), Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. 12. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. 13. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. 14. University of Basel, Petersgraben 1, Basel, Switzerland. 15. Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 16. College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA. 17. National Grid, London, UK. 18. Cancer Registry Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, 20133, Italy. 19. School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia. 20. Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia. 21. Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway. 22. Energy and Environment Sector, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. 23. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 24. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil. 25. Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA. kheifets@ucla.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although studies have consistently found an association between childhood leukaemia risk and magnetic fields, the associations between childhood leukaemia and distance to overhead power lines have been inconsistent. We pooled data from multiple studies to assess the association with distance and evaluate whether it is due to magnetic fields or other factors associated with distance from lines. METHODS: We present a pooled analysis combining individual-level data (29,049 cases and 68,231 controls) from 11 record-based studies. RESULTS: There was no material association between childhood leukaemia and distance to nearest overhead power line of any voltage. Among children living < 50 m from 200 + kV power lines, the adjusted odds ratio for childhood leukaemia was 1.33 (95% CI: 0.92-1.93). The odds ratio was higher among children diagnosed before age 5 years. There was no association with calculated magnetic fields. Odds ratios remained unchanged with adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: In this first comprehensive pooled analysis of childhood leukaemia and distance to power lines, we found a small and imprecise risk for residences < 50 m of 200 + kV lines that was not explained by high magnetic fields. Reasons for the increased risk, found in this and many other studies, remains to be elucidated.
BACKGROUND: Although studies have consistently found an association between childhood leukaemia risk and magnetic fields, the associations between childhood leukaemia and distance to overhead power lines have been inconsistent. We pooled data from multiple studies to assess the association with distance and evaluate whether it is due to magnetic fields or other factors associated with distance from lines. METHODS: We present a pooled analysis combining individual-level data (29,049 cases and 68,231 controls) from 11 record-based studies. RESULTS: There was no material association between childhood leukaemia and distance to nearest overhead power line of any voltage. Among children living < 50 m from 200 + kV power lines, the adjusted odds ratio for childhood leukaemia was 1.33 (95% CI: 0.92-1.93). The odds ratio was higher among children diagnosed before age 5 years. There was no association with calculated magnetic fields. Odds ratios remained unchanged with adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: In this first comprehensive pooled analysis of childhood leukaemia and distance to power lines, we found a small and imprecise risk for residences < 50 m of 200 + kV lines that was not explained by high magnetic fields. Reasons for the increased risk, found in this and many other studies, remains to be elucidated.
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