Tian-Hang Zhou1, Nora E Mueller2, Kevin M Spencer3, Sonal G Mallya4, Kathryn Eve Lewandowski4, Lesley A Norris4, Deborah L Levy5, Bruce M Cohen6, Dost Öngür4, Mei-Hua Hall7. 1. Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Program, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. 2. Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Program, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA; Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA. 3. Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Jamaica Plain, USA. 4. Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Program, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA. 5. Psychology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA. 6. Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA. 7. Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders Program, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA; Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA. Electronic address: mhall@mclean.harvard.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Gamma oscillation is important for cortico-cortical coordination and the integration of information across neural networks. The 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR), which reflects neural synchrony in the gamma band (30-100 Hz), is abnormal in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). The present study used the ASSR at multiple frequencies to examine (1) gamma dysfunction in patients with SZ, schizoaffective (SA), and bipolar disorder (BD) compared with controls, (2) the relationship between ASSR measures and clinical symptom severity, and (3) the relationship between ASSR measures and real-life community functioning. METHODS: EEG was recorded from 75 controls, 52 SZ, 55 SA, and 89 BD patients during 20-30-40-Hz binaural click trains. ANCOVA was used to compare ASSR measures between groups controlling for age, sex, and education. Associations between ASSR measures, symptom severity, and community functioning were examined using linear regression and Pearson partial correlations. RESULTS: ASSR deficits at gamma frequency were observed in all patient groups. SA patients showed additional specific deficit in the 20 Hz ASSR. Severity of manic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms mediated ASSR deficits. Severity of hallucinatory symptom and community functioning, particularly independent living/meaningful activity, were significantly and independently associated with the 40 Hz ASSR. CONCLUSIONS: SZ, SA and BD patients are likely to share the same abnormalities in neural processes that generate gamma oscillations. 40 Hz ASSR are associated with community functioning across patients and may serve as a biomarker for predicting functional outcome.
OBJECTIVES: Gamma oscillation is important for cortico-cortical coordination and the integration of information across neural networks. The 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR), which reflects neural synchrony in the gamma band (30-100 Hz), is abnormal in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). The present study used the ASSR at multiple frequencies to examine (1) gamma dysfunction in patients with SZ, schizoaffective (SA), and bipolar disorder (BD) compared with controls, (2) the relationship between ASSR measures and clinical symptom severity, and (3) the relationship between ASSR measures and real-life community functioning. METHODS: EEG was recorded from 75 controls, 52 SZ, 55 SA, and 89 BDpatients during 20-30-40-Hz binaural click trains. ANCOVA was used to compare ASSR measures between groups controlling for age, sex, and education. Associations between ASSR measures, symptom severity, and community functioning were examined using linear regression and Pearson partial correlations. RESULTS: ASSR deficits at gamma frequency were observed in all patient groups. SA patients showed additional specific deficit in the 20 Hz ASSR. Severity of manic, depressive, and anxiety symptoms mediated ASSR deficits. Severity of hallucinatory symptom and community functioning, particularly independent living/meaningful activity, were significantly and independently associated with the 40 Hz ASSR. CONCLUSIONS:SZ, SA and BDpatients are likely to share the same abnormalities in neural processes that generate gamma oscillations. 40 Hz ASSR are associated with community functioning across patients and may serve as a biomarker for predicting functional outcome.
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