Clinical characteristics and ocular complications of patients with scleritis in Japanese.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with scleritis STUDY
DESIGN: Retrospective study
METHODS: The clinical records of 123 patients with scleritis, who presented to the University of Tokyo Hospital between January, 2004 and December, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS: The cohort comprised 55 men and 68 women (mean age, 57.8±16.4 years), of which 76 showed anterior diffuse scleritis, 17 showed anterior nodular scleritis, 10 showed anterior necrotizing scleritis, and 20 showed posterior scleritis. The underlying etiology was identified in 39 patients. Autoimmune diseases were present in 32 patients, including eight with rheumatoid arthritis, seven with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vascular disease, and six with relapsing polychondritis. Ocular hypertension was the most common ocular complication (41%), followed by anterior chamber cells (38%). Fifty-three percent of patients required systemic immunosuppressive medication. Systemic corticosteroids were the most commonly used medication (45%), followed by methotrexate (11%). A, decrease in vision was observed in one-third of patients with anterior necrotizing scleritis or posterior scleritis, of which secondary glaucoma and optic neuritis were the major causes.
CONCLUSION: Autoimmune diseases were present in 26% of patients. One-third of patients with anterior necrotizing scleritis or posterior scleritis experienced decreased vision, mostly due to secondary glaucoma and optic neuritis. Therefore, controlling intraocular pressure by methods such as administration of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive medication and appropriate treatment for posterior scleritis are essential for scleritis treatment.