Lixing Zhou1, Mingming Zhang1,2,3, Yuming Wang1, Robert Gregory Dorfman4, Hang Liu5, Ting Yu1,6, Xiaotian Chen1, Dehua Tang1, Lei Xu1, Yuyao Yin1, Yida Pan7, Qian Zhou3, Yihua Zhou8, Chenggong Yu1,2. 1. Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. 2. Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China. 3. School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 4. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. 5. Department of Pharmacy, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. 6. Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China. 7. Department of Digestive Diseases of Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China. 8. Key Laboratory, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated dysbiosis is characterized by a loss of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose supernatant exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the anti-inflammatory substances in F. prausnitzii supernatant and the mechanism in ameliorating colitis in IBD have not yet been fully investigated. METHODS: Experimental colitis models were induced and evaluated by clinical examination and histopathology. Levels of cytokines and ratio of T cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. F. prausnitzii supernatant was separated by macroporous resins. After extraction, the substances in supernatant were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. T-cell differentiation assay was conducted in vitro. Changes in signaling pathways were examined by immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS: We found that the supernatant of F. prausnitzii could regulate T helper 17 cell (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. Then, we identified butyrate produced by F. prausnitzii that played the anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and the activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/IL-17 pathway and promoting forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). Finally, we demonstrated that the target of butyrate was histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). CONCLUSIONS: It is butyrate, instead of other substances produced by F. prausnitzii, that maintains Th17/Treg balance and exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in colorectal colitis rodents, by inhibiting HDAC1 to promote Foxp3 and block the IL-6/STAT3/IL-17 downstream pathway. F. prausnitzii could be an option for further investigation for IBD treatment. Targeting the butyrate-HDAC1-T-cell axis offers an effective novel approach in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
BACKGROUND:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated dysbiosis is characterized by a loss of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose supernatant exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the anti-inflammatory substances in F. prausnitzii supernatant and the mechanism in ameliorating colitis in IBD have not yet been fully investigated. METHODS: Experimental colitis models were induced and evaluated by clinical examination and histopathology. Levels of cytokines and ratio of T cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. F. prausnitzii supernatant was separated by macroporous resins. After extraction, the substances in supernatant were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. T-cell differentiation assay was conducted in vitro. Changes in signaling pathways were examined by immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS: We found that the supernatant of F. prausnitzii could regulate T helper 17 cell (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation. Then, we identified butyrate produced by F. prausnitzii that played the anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and the activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/IL-17 pathway and promoting forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). Finally, we demonstrated that the target of butyrate was histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). CONCLUSIONS: It is butyrate, instead of other substances produced by F. prausnitzii, that maintains Th17/Treg balance and exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects in colorectal colitis rodents, by inhibiting HDAC1 to promote Foxp3 and block the IL-6/STAT3/IL-17 downstream pathway. F. prausnitzii could be an option for further investigation for IBD treatment. Targeting the butyrate-HDAC1-T-cell axis offers an effective novel approach in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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