Etienne Gayat1,2,3, Alexa Hollinger1,2,4, Alain Cariou5, Nicolas Deye2,6, Antoine Vieillard-Baron7,8,9, Samir Jaber10, Benjamin G Chousterman1, Qin Lu11, Pierre François Laterre12, Xavier Monnet13, Michael Darmon14, Marc Leone15, Bertrand Guidet16, Romain Sonneville17, Jean-Yves Lefrant18, Marie-Céline Fournier1,2, Matthieu Resche-Rigon19, Alexandre Mebazaa1,2,3, Matthieu Legrand20,21,22. 1. Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, Saint Louis and Lariboisière University Hospitals, AP-HP, 2 rue A. Paré, 75010, Paris, France. 2. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital and INI-CRCT Network, INSERM UMR-S942, Paris, France. 3. University Paris Diderot, 75475, Paris, France. 4. Department of Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 5. Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. 6. Medical and Toxicological Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière Hospital, Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Diderot, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. 7. Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 26930, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. 8. INSERM U-1018, CESP, Team 5, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Villejuif, France. 9. Faculty of Medicine Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, France. 10. Intensive Care Unit, Anaesthesia and Critical Care Department, Saint Eloi Teaching Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France. 11. Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, UPMC Paris 6, Paris, France. 12. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Saint Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium. 13. Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris-Sud University Hospitals, Inserm UMR_S999, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. 14. Medical ICU, St-Louis Hospital, Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Diderot, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. 15. Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. 16. Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. 17. Medical ICU, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Diderot, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. 18. Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, 30029, Nîmes, France. 19. ECSTRA Team, INSERM, Service de biostatistique et information Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires St-Louis-Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 20. Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, Saint Louis and Lariboisière University Hospitals, AP-HP, 2 rue A. Paré, 75010, Paris, France. matthieu.legrand@aphp.fr. 21. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital and INI-CRCT Network, INSERM UMR-S942, Paris, France. matthieu.legrand@aphp.fr. 22. University Paris Diderot, 75475, Paris, France. matthieu.legrand@aphp.fr.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) improve outcome in patients recovering from AKI remains unexplored. The purpose was to investigate the association between prescription of ACEi/ARB at intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and 1-year outcome in patients recovering from AKI. METHODS: Association between ACEi/ARB and 1-year mortality rate was explored in 1551 patients discharged from 21 European ICUs in an observational cohort. One-year all-cause mortality after ICU discharge was the primary endpoint. AKI was defined using the kidney disease improvement global outcome definition. Propensity score matching was used to consider the probability to receive ACEi/ARB at ICU discharge and included chronic heart failure, ACEi/ARB on ICU admission, Charlson Comorbidity Index, age, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate and arterial blood pressure at ICU discharge vasopressors and renal replacement therapy. RESULTS: Overall, 1-year mortality was 28 and 15% in patients with AKI (n = 611, 39%) and without AKI (n = 940), respectively. In patients with AKI, unadjusted, adjusted and propensity-score matched 1-year mortality rates were lower in patients treated with ACEi/ARB at ICU discharge [HR of 0.55 (0.35-0.89), HR of 0.45 (0.27-0.75), and HR of 0.48 (0.27-0.85, p < 0.001), respectively]. These results were consistent across sensitivity analysis. No association was observed in patients without AKI. CONCLUSIONS: In patients discharged alive from the ICU after experiencing AKI, ACEi/ARB prescription at discharge is associated with a decrease in 1-year mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01367093. Registered on 6 June 2011.
PURPOSE:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) improve outcome in patients recovering from AKI remains unexplored. The purpose was to investigate the association between prescription of ACEi/ARB at intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and 1-year outcome in patients recovering from AKI. METHODS: Association between ACEi/ARB and 1-year mortality rate was explored in 1551 patients discharged from 21 European ICUs in an observational cohort. One-year all-cause mortality after ICU discharge was the primary endpoint. AKI was defined using the kidney disease improvement global outcome definition. Propensity score matching was used to consider the probability to receive ACEi/ARB at ICU discharge and included chronic heart failure, ACEi/ARB on ICU admission, Charlson Comorbidity Index, age, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate and arterial blood pressure at ICU discharge vasopressors and renal replacement therapy. RESULTS: Overall, 1-year mortality was 28 and 15% in patients with AKI (n = 611, 39%) and without AKI (n = 940), respectively. In patients with AKI, unadjusted, adjusted and propensity-score matched 1-year mortality rates were lower in patients treated with ACEi/ARB at ICU discharge [HR of 0.55 (0.35-0.89), HR of 0.45 (0.27-0.75), and HR of 0.48 (0.27-0.85, p < 0.001), respectively]. These results were consistent across sensitivity analysis. No association was observed in patients without AKI. CONCLUSIONS: In patients discharged alive from the ICU after experiencing AKI, ACEi/ARB prescription at discharge is associated with a decrease in 1-year mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01367093. Registered on 6 June 2011.
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