Trends, etiologies, and predictors of 90-day readmission after percutaneous ventricular assist device implantation: A national population-based cohort study.

Percutaneous ventricular assist devices (pVADs) are indicated to provide hemodynamic support in high-risk percutaneous interventions and cardiogenic shock. However, there is a paucity of published data regarding the etiologies and predictors of 90-day readmissions following pVAD use. We studied the data from the US Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) for the years 2013 and 2014. Patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of pVAD use were collected by searching the database for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) procedural code 37.68 (Impella and TandemHeart devices). Amongst this group, we examined 90-day readmission rates. Comorbidities as identified by "CM_" variables provided by the NRD were also extracted. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was calculated using appropriate ICD-9-CM codes, as a secondary diagnosis. A 2-level hierarchical logistic regression model was then used to identify predictors of 90-day readmission following pVAD use. Records from 7074 patients requiring pVAD support during hospitalization showed that 1562 (22%) patients were readmitted within 90 days. Acute decompensated heart failure (22.6%) and acute coronary syndromes (11.2%) were the most common etiologies and heart failure (odds ratio [OR]: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.67), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07-1.49), peripheral vascular disease (OR: 1.305, 95% CI: 1.09-1.56), and discharge into short- or long-term facility (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08-1.51) were independently associated with an increased risk of 90-day readmission following pVAD use. This study identifies important etiologies and predictors of short-term readmission in this high-risk patient group that can be used for risk stratification, optimizing discharge, and healthcare transition decisions.