Hae-Ryong Yun1, Hyoungnae Kim2, Jung Tak Park1, Tae Ik Chang3, Tae-Hyun Yoo1, Shin-Wook Kang4, Kyu Hun Choi1, Suah Sung5, Soo Wan Kim6, Joongyub Lee7, Kook-Hwan Oh7, Curie Ahn7, Seung Hyeok Han8. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. 2. Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Medical Center, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. 4. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea. 7. Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 8. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address: hansh@yuhs.ac.
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have yielded conflicting findings on the association between obesity and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have evaluated whether metabolic abnormalities may accelerate the rate of progression of CKD. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 1,940 participants from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) PREDICTORS: Obesity and metabolic abnormality. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 25kg/m2. Metabolic abnormality was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following 5 components: hypertension, fasting glucose level > 125mg/dL or the presence of type 2 diabetes, triglyceride level > 150mg/dL or use of lipid-lowering drugs, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≤ 40mg/dL in men and ≤ 50mg/dL in women, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level > 1mg/L. OUTCOME: A composite of a 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate from the baseline value or end-stage kidney disease. ANALYTIC APPROACH: Multivariable cause-specific hazards models implemented to assess the association between obesity, metabolic abnormality, and CKD progression. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in 395 (20.4%) patients. In multivariable analyses, after adjustment for confounding factors, obesity and metabolic abnormality were significantly associated with 1.41-fold (95% CI, 1.08-1.83; P=0.01) and 1.38-fold (95% CI, 1.03-1.85; P=0.03) increased risk for adverse renal outcomes, respectively. Patients were categorized into 4 groups depending on the presence of obesity and metabolic abnormality. Compared with those with neither obesity nor metabolic abnormality, those with obesity and metabolic abnormality had a greater risk for CKD progression (HR, 1.53; P=0.03). Those with obesity without metabolic abnormality also had a higher rate of CKD progression (HR, 1.97; P=0.01). LIMITATIONS: Observational study, limited power to detect cardiovascular disease outcomes, unmeasured confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Both metabolic abnormality and obesity are associated with a significantly increased risk for CKD progression. Notably, obese patients without metabolic abnormality also have an elevated risk for CKD progression.
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have yielded conflicting findings on the association between obesity and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have evaluated whether metabolic abnormalities may accelerate the rate of progression of CKD. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 1,940 participants from the Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) PREDICTORS: Obesity and metabolic abnormality. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 25kg/m2. Metabolic abnormality was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following 5 components: hypertension, fasting glucose level > 125mg/dL or the presence of type 2 diabetes, triglyceride level > 150mg/dL or use of lipid-lowering drugs, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≤ 40mg/dL in men and ≤ 50mg/dL in women, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level > 1mg/L. OUTCOME: A composite of a 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate from the baseline value or end-stage kidney disease. ANALYTIC APPROACH: Multivariable cause-specific hazards models implemented to assess the association between obesity, metabolic abnormality, and CKD progression. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in 395 (20.4%) patients. In multivariable analyses, after adjustment for confounding factors, obesity and metabolic abnormality were significantly associated with 1.41-fold (95% CI, 1.08-1.83; P=0.01) and 1.38-fold (95% CI, 1.03-1.85; P=0.03) increased risk for adverse renal outcomes, respectively. Patients were categorized into 4 groups depending on the presence of obesity and metabolic abnormality. Compared with those with neither obesity nor metabolic abnormality, those with obesity and metabolic abnormality had a greater risk for CKD progression (HR, 1.53; P=0.03). Those with obesity without metabolic abnormality also had a higher rate of CKD progression (HR, 1.97; P=0.01). LIMITATIONS: Observational study, limited power to detect cardiovascular disease outcomes, unmeasured confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Both metabolic abnormality and obesity are associated with a significantly increased risk for CKD progression. Notably, obesepatients without metabolic abnormality also have an elevated risk for CKD progression.
Authors: Amy J Kogon; Jennifer Roem; Michael F Schneider; Mark M Mitsnefes; Babette S Zemel; Bradley A Warady; Susan L Furth; Nancy M Rodig Journal: Pediatr Nephrol Date: 2022-08-26 Impact factor: 3.651