| Literature DB >> 29719907 |
Steffen Deichmann1, Louisa Romina Bolm1, Kim Christin Honselmann1, Ulrich Friedrich Wellner1, Hryhoriy Lapshyn1, Tobias Keck1, Dirk Bausch1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy is a highly challenging procedure. The aim of this study was to analyse post-operative morbidity and mortality as well as long term overall survival in patients undergoing hybrid LPD, as compared to open pancreaticoduodenecomy (OPD) in a single surgeon series.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2018 PMID: 29719907 PMCID: PMC6193412 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124374
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zentralbl Chir ISSN: 0044-409X Impact factor: 0.942
Table 1 Baseline parameters: TNM classification and margin status for all malignant diseases and neuroendocrine tumors.
| LPD | OPD | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 60) | (n = 60) | ||
| LPD: laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy; OPD: open pancreatoduodenectomy; BMI: body mass index; ASA score: American Society of Anesthesiologists score. | |||
|
| 65.5 (20 – 83) | 63 (29 – 82) | 0.528 |
|
| 24 : 36 | 26 : 34 | 0.715 |
|
| 24.5 (15.5 – 39) | 24 (16 – 33) | 0.693 |
|
| 1.000 | ||
I | 8 (13) | 8 (13) | |
II | 36 (60) | 36 (60) | |
III | 16 (27) | 16 (27) | |
|
| 0.841 | ||
hard | 17 (28) | 16 (27) | |
soft | 43 (72) | 44 (73) | |
|
| 0.550 | ||
ductal adenocarcinoma | 12 (20) | 13 (22) | |
periampullary cancer | 14 (23) | 17 (28) | |
cystic neoplasia | 16 (27) | 5 (8) | |
chronic pancreatitis | 4 (7) | 9 (15) | |
neuroendocrine tumor | 5 (8) | 6 (10) | |
other | 9 (15) | 10 (17) | |
|
| |||
T1 | 7 (21) | 3 (8) | 0.431 |
T2 | 5 (15) | 10 (26) | |
T3 | 19 (57) | 22 (56) | |
T4 | 2 (7) | 4 (10) | |
|
| |||
N+ | 15 (45) | 21 (54) | 0.485 |
N0 | 18 (55) | 18 (46) | |
|
| |||
R+ | 4 (11) | 8 (18) | 0.414 |
R0 | 31 (89) | 36 (82) | |
Table 2 Perioperative results.
| LPD | OPD | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR time: overall operation time; ICU: intensive care unit; CDC: Clavien-Dindo classification; DGE: delayed gastric emptying; POPF: postoperative pancreatic fistula; PPH: postpancreatectomy hemorrhage; SSI: surgical site infection; OHS: overall hospital stay. | |||
|
| 352 (212 – 510) | 397 (262 – 625) |
|
|
| 0 (0 – 4) | 0 (0 – 11) |
|
|
| 22% | 20% | 0.83 |
|
| 0% | 3% | 0.496 |
|
| 2% | 3% | 1.000 |
|
| 2% | 3% | 1.000 |
|
| 1 (0 – 22) | 6 (1 – 78) |
|
|
| 14 (1 – 59) | 18 (9 – 149) |
|
|
| 13% | 22% | 0.217 |
|
| 10% | 12% | 0.798 |
|
| 0.436 | ||
0 – 2 | 44 (73) | 42 (71) | |
3/4 | 16 (27) | 16 (26) | |
5 | – | 2 (3) | |
|
|
| ||
A/none | 55 (92) | 42 (70) | |
B/C | 5 (8) | 12 (20) | |
N/A | 0 (0) | 6 (10) | |
|
|
| ||
A/none | 51 (85) | 38 (64) | |
B/C | 9 (15) | 22 (36) | |
|
| 0.908 | ||
A/None | 55 (92) | 52 (87) | |
B/C | 5 (8) | 8 (13) | |
Table 3 Indications for reoperations.
| LPD | OPD | |
|---|---|---|
| PPH: postpancreatectomy hemorrhage; POPF: postoperative pancreatic fistula; SSI: surgical site infection. Other indications: second look after intraoperative bleeding, thrombosis of major vessels, pancreatic necrosis. | ||
| Reoperations total n (%) | 13 (100) | 12 (100) |
| Pancreatic texture | ||
soft | 10 (77) | 11 (92) |
hard | 3 (23) | 1 (8) |
| PPH pancreatic anastomosis | 3 (23) | 4 (33) |
| PPH other site | 2 (15) | 2 (17) |
| POPF | 1 (8) | 1 (8) |
| Intra-abdominal abscess | 3 (23) | 1 (8) |
| SSI | 1 (8) | 1 (8) |
| Bile leak | 1 (8) | 0 |
| Lymphatic fistula | 0 | 1 (8) |
| Other indications | 2 (15) | 2 (17) |
Table 4 Malignant histology.
| LPD | OPD | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %/range | n | %/range | ||
| PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PAMPAC: periampullary adenocarcinoma; LN total: number of lymph nodes harvested in total. | |||||
|
| 12 | 13 | |||
| pT | 0.326 | ||||
T1 | 2 | 17 | 1 | 8 | |
T2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
T3 | 10 | 83 | 11 | 84 | |
T4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | |
| pN | 0.543 | ||||
N+ | 8 | 67 | 7 | 54 | |
N0 | 4 | 33 | 6 | 66 | |
| LN total | 17 | 0 – 25 | 15 | 5 – 25 | 0.461 |
|
| 14 | 17 | |||
| pT | 0.88 | ||||
T1 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
T2 | 4 | 29 | 7 | 41 | |
T3 | 7 | 50 | 8 | 47 | |
T4 | 2 | 14 | 2 | 12 | |
| pN | 0.186 | ||||
N+ | 4 | 33 | 9 | 53 | |
N0 | 10 | 67 | 8 | 47 | |
| LN total | 13 | 2 – 33 | 16 | 10 – 32 | 0.131 |
Table 5 Adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant disease.
| LPD | OPD | |
|---|---|---|
| PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PAMPAC: periampullary adenocarcinoma. | ||
|
| 12 (100) | 13 (100) |
adjuvant gemcitabine | 8 (67) | 9 (69) |
adjuvant other | 0 | 3 (23) |
no adjuvant therapy | 3 (25) | 2 (15) |
|
| 14 (100) | 17 (100) |
adjuvant gemcitabine | 3 (21) | 1 (6) |
adjuvant other | 1 (7) | 1 (6) |
no adjuvant therapy | 10 (72) | 15 (88) |
Table 6 Overall survival. Variables with P-values < 0.10 in univariate analysis were included into multivariate analysis. P-values were derived from the two-sided log rank test (univariate) and the Cox proportional hazards regression model (multivariate).
| Parameter | n | Deaths [n] | Median [month] | SE mean | univariate | multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | p (univ) | SE HR | p (multiv) | ||||||
| PVR: portal vein resection; SE: standard error; HR: hazard ratio; univ: univariate, multiv: multivariate, e: excluded from stepwise multivariate cox regression | |||||||||
|
| LPD | 21 | 4 | 56 | 5 | ||||
| OPD | 30 | 12 | 48 | 9 | 5,8 | 0,056 | 0,7 |
| |
|
| PDAC | 22 | 9 | 36 | 5 | ||||
| PAMPAC | 29 | 7 | 69 | 10 | 2,5 | 0,082 | 0,6 | 0,141 | |
|
| PVR + | 7 | 4 | 19 | 7 | ||||
| PVR 0 | 44 | 12 | 65 | 8 | 8,3 |
| 0,7 |
| |
|
| m | 20 | 3 | 68 | 7 | ||||
| w | 31 | 13 | 51 | 10 | 0,3 |
| 0,7 |
| |
|
| R+ | 7 | 4 | 25 | 7 | e | e | e | |
| R0 | 43 | 12 | 64 | 8 | e |
| e | e | |
|
| N+ | 24 | 10 | 50 | 11 | e | e | e | |
| N0 | 27 | 6 | 61 | 7 | e | 0,062 | e | e | |
Fig. 1Overall survival in patients with malignant disease. LPD: laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy; OPD: open pancreatoduodenectomy, p-value derived from the log-rank test.
Tab. 1 Basischarakteristika: TNM-Klassifikation und Resektionsstatus für alle Patienten mit malignen Raumforderungen und neuroendokrinen Tumoren.
| LPD | OPD | p-Wert | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 60) | (n = 60) | ||
| LPD: laparoskopische Pankreatoduodenektomie; OPD: offene Pankreatoduodenektomie; BMI: Body-Mass-Index; ASA Score: American Society of Anesthesiologists Score | |||
|
| 65,5 (20 – 83) | 63 (29 – 82) | 0,528 |
|
| 24 : 36 | 26 : 34 | 0,715 |
|
| 24,5 (15,5 – 39) | 24 (16 – 33) | 0,693 |
|
| 1,000 | ||
I | 8 (13) | 8 (13) | |
II | 36 (60) | 36 (60) | |
III | 16 (27) | 16 (27) | |
|
| 0,841 | ||
hart | 17 (28) | 16 (27) | |
weich | 43 (72) | 44 (73) | |
|
| 0,550 | ||
duktales Adenokarzinom | 12 (20) | 13 (22) | |
periampulläres Karzinom | 14 (23) | 17 (28) | |
zystische Neoplasie | 16 (27) | 5 (8) | |
chronische Pankreatitis | 4 (7) | 9 (15) | |
neuroendokriner Tumor | 5 (8) | 6 (10) | |
andere | 9 (15) | 10 (17) | |
|
| |||
T1 | 7 (21) | 3 (8) | 0,431 |
T2 | 5 (15) | 10 (26) | |
T3 | 19 (57) | 22 (56) | |
T4 | 2 (7) | 4 (10) | |
|
| |||
N+ | 15 (45) | 21 (54) | 0,485 |
N0 | 18 (55) | 18 (46) | |
|
| |||
R+ | 4 (11) | 8 (18) | 0,414 |
R0 | 31 (89) | 36 (82) | |
Tab. 2 Perioperative Ergebnisse.
| LPD | OPD | p-Wert | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR-Zeit: Operationszeit; ICU: Dauer der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung; CDC: Clavien-Dindo-Klassifikation; DGE: verzögerte Magenentleerung; N/A: nicht anwendbar; POPF: Pankreasfistel; PPH: postoperative Blutungen; SSI: Wundinfektionen; OHS: Krankenhausaufenthaltsdauer | |||
|
| 352 (212 – 510) | 397 (262 – 625) |
|
|
| 0 (0 – 4) | 0 (0 – 11) |
|
|
| 22% | 20% | 0,830 |
|
| 0% | 3% | 0,496 |
|
| 2% | 3% | 1,000 |
|
| 2% | 3% | 1,000 |
|
| 1 (0 – 22) | 6 (1 – 78) |
|
|
| 14 (1 – 59) | 18 (9 – 149) |
|
|
| 13% | 22% | 0,217 |
|
| 10% | 12% | 0,798 |
|
| 0,436 | ||
0 – 2 | 44 (73) | 42 (71) | |
3/4 | 16 (27) | 16 (26) | |
5 | – | 2 (3) | |
|
|
| ||
A/keine | 55 (92) | 42 (70) | |
B/C | 5 (8) | 12 (20) | |
N/A | 0 (0) | 6 (10) | |
|
|
| ||
A/keine | 51 (85) | 38 (64) | |
B/C | 9 (15) | 22 (36) | |
|
| 0,908 | ||
A/keine | 55 (92) | 52 (87) | |
B/C | 5 (8) | 8 (13) | |
Tab. 3 Indikationen zur Reoperation.
| LPD n (%) | OPD n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| POPF: Pankreasfistel; PPH: postoperative Blutungen; SSI: Wundinfektionen; andere Indikationen: Reexploration nach intraoperativer Blutung, Thrombose, Pankreasnekrose | ||
| Reoperationen insgesamt | 13 (100) | 12 (100) |
| Pankreasparenchym | ||
weich | 10 (77) | 11 (92) |
hart | 3 (23) | 1 (8) |
| PPH Pankreasanastomose | 3 (23) | 4 (33) |
| PPH andere Lokalisation | 2 (15) | 2 (17) |
| POPF | 1 (8) | 1 (8) |
| intraabdomineller Abszess | 3 (23) | 1 (8) |
| SSI | 1 (8) | 1 (8) |
| Gallenfistel | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Lymphfistel | 0 (0) | 1 (8) |
| andere Indikationen | 2 (15) | 2 (17) |
Tab. 4 Maligne Raumforderungen.
| LPD | OPD | p-Wert | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %/Range | n | %/Range | ||
| PDAC: duktales Adenokarzinom des Pankreas; PAMPAC: periampulläre Karzinome; LN total: Anzahl resezierter Lymphknoten | |||||
|
| 12 | 13 | |||
| pT | 0,326 | ||||
T1 | 2 | 17 | 1 | 8 | |
T2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
T3 | 10 | 83 | 11 | 84 | |
T4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | |
| pN | 0,543 | ||||
N+ | 8 | 67 | 7 | 54 | |
N0 | 4 | 33 | 6 | 66 | |
| LN total | 17 | 0 – 25 | 15 | 5 – 25 | 0,461 |
|
| 14 | 17 | |||
| pT | 0,880 | ||||
T1 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
T2 | 4 | 29 | 7 | 41 | |
T3 | 7 | 50 | 8 | 47 | |
T4 | 2 | 14 | 2 | 12 | |
| pN | 0,186 | ||||
N+ | 4 | 33 | 9 | 53 | |
N0 | 10 | 67 | 8 | 47 | |
| LN total | 13 | 2 – 33 | 16 | 10 – 32 | 0,131 |
Tab. 5 Adjuvante Chemotherapie bei malignen Raumforderungen.
| LPD n (%) | OPD n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| PDAC: duktales Adenokarzinom des Pankreas; PAMPAC: periampulläre Karzinome | ||
| PDAC | 12 (100) | 13 (100) |
adjuvant Gemcitabin | 8 (67) | 9 (69) |
adjuvant andere Substanzen | 0 (0) | 3 (23) |
keine adjuvante Therapie | 3 (25) | 2 (15) |
| PAMPAC | 14 (100) | 17 (100) |
adjuvant Gemcitabin | 3 (21) | 1 (6) |
adjuvant andere Substanzen | 1 (7) | 1 (6) |
keine adjuvante Therapie | 10 (72) | 15 (88) |
Tab. 6 Gesamtüberleben. Variablen mit einem p-Wert von < 0,10 in der univariaten Analyse wurden in die multivariate Analyse eingeschlossen. Die p-Werte wurden über einen 2-seitigen Log-Rank-Test (univariate Analyse) und eine Cox-Regression (multivariate Analyse) ermittelt.
| Parameter | n | Todesfälle [n] | Median [Monate] | SE mean | univariat | multivariat | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | p (univ) | SE HR | p (multiv) | ||||||
| PVR: Pfortaderresektion; SE: Standardfehler; HR: Hazard Ratio; univ: univariat; multiv: multivariat; e: ausgeschlossen in schrittweiser Cox-Regression | |||||||||
|
| LPD | 21 | 4 | 56 | 5 | ||||
| OPD | 30 | 12 | 48 | 9 | 5,8 | 0,056 | 0,7 |
| |
|
| PDAC | 22 | 9 | 36 | 5 | ||||
| PAMPAC | 29 | 7 | 69 | 10 | 2,5 | 0,082 | 0,6 | 0,141 | |
|
| PVR + | 7 | 4 | 19 | 7 | ||||
| PVR 0 | 44 | 12 | 65 | 8 | 8,3 |
| 0,7 |
| |
|
| m | 20 | 3 | 68 | 7 | ||||
| w | 31 | 13 | 51 | 10 | 0,3 |
| 0,7 |
| |
|
| R+ | 7 | 4 | 25 | 7 | e | e | e | |
| R0 | 43 | 12 | 64 | 8 | e |
| e | e | |
|
| N+ | 24 | 10 | 50 | 11 | e | e | e | |
| N0 | 27 | 6 | 61 | 7 | e | 0,062 | e | e | |
Abb. 1Gesamtüberleben. LPD: laparoskopische Pankreatoduodenektomie; OPD: offene Pankreatoduodenektomie, p-Werte wurden mittels Log-Rank-Test ermittelt.