Mechanisms Behind Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Possible Synergistic Effects with Exercise.

KEY TEACHING POINTS: • Endurance exercise training enables skeletal muscle adaptations that can induce increases in mitochondrial biogenesis, improve oxidative capacity, mitochondrial density, and mitochondrial function.• Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) has been identified as a novel supplement that is involved in physiological processes including redox modulation, cellular energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and antioxidant potential.• There is emerging evidence to support that PQQ supplementation can upregulate the molecular signaling responses indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis within skeletal muscle.• If both endurance exercise and PQQ supplementation can elicit increases in the molecular responses indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis, it is possible that both PQQ and exercise may instigate a synergistic ergogenic response.• There is a scarcity of research exploring the possible role of PQQ supplementation with concomitant endurance exercise. Therefore, future research is necessary to investigate the ergogenic potential behind PQQ supplementation in conjunction with endurance exercise.