Does it take a village? Fostering gender equity among early adolescents in Nepal.

Background Gender inequity contributes to a range of poor health outcomes. Early adolescence presents a window of opportunity for gender transformative interventions to shift inequitable gender norms, attitudes and behaviors. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate a set of individual, family and community interventions to increase gender equity among very young adolescents (VYAs) in rural Nepal. Methods Two communities received the individual-level Choices intervention as well the family and community Voices and Promises interventions (CVP). Two comparison communities received only Choices. Samples of 1200 VYAs and 600 parents were interviewed at baseline before implementation and at end line 1 year later. Results In both CVP and Choices only areas most measures of gender norms, attitudes, and behaviors improved, suggesting a positive effect of the individual-level intervention. Increases in norms, attitudes, and behaviors reported by VYAs were generally greater in CVP areas compared to Choices areas, suggesting an added benefit from the family and community interventions. Parent-reported measures did not demonstrate an intervention effect of the family and community interventions. Uneven evaluation results, particularly among parents, may reflect implementation challenges such as the compressed 3-month intervention period due to the 2015 earthquakes and subsequent political unrest. Conclusion Overall findings are encouraging and suggest that adding family and community interventions may improve gender equity.