Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation, a novel therapeutic approach for central sleep apnea.

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is common in heart failure (HF) patients. Traditional treatment of CSA, including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), adaptive servo ventilation (ASV), oxygen therapy, and CO2 inhalation, has respective limitations. Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS), a novel therapeutic approach for CSA, was proved to be effective and safe. The remedē® system and related transvenous PNS methods was approved by FDA in 2017, for treating moderate to severe CSA.