Chandani Nekitsing1, Pam Blundell-Birtill2, Jennie E Cockroft3, Marion M Hetherington2. 1. School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. Electronic address: c.nekitsing@leeds.ac.uk. 2. School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. 3. Purely Nutrition Ltd, Harrogate, HG1 1DL, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most children do not meet daily recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake, and consumption of vegetables remains especially low. Eating habits track from childhood to adulthood hence establishing liking and intake of vegetables is important. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most successful strategies to enhance vegetable intake in preschool children aged 2-5 years. DESIGN: The research was a systematic review and a meta-analysis of published studies. A comprehensive search strategy was performed using key databases such as Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, EBSCO and CENTRAL. Articles published between 2005-January 2016, specifically with measured vegetable consumption were included. RESULTS: 30 articles and 44 intervention arms were identified for inclusion (n = 4017). Nine dominant intervention strategies emerged to promote vegetable intake in preschool children. These included; choice, pairing (stealth), education, food service, modelling, reward, taste exposure, variety and visual presentation. The meta-analysis revealed that interventions implementing repeated taste exposure had better pooled effects than those which did not. Intake increased with number of taste exposures and intake was greater when vegetables offered were in their plain form rather than paired with a flavor, dip or added energy (e.g. oil). Moreover, intake of vegetables which were unfamiliar/disliked increased more than those which were familiar/liked. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated taste exposure is a simple technique that could be implemented in childcare settings and at home by parents. Health policy could specifically target the use of novel and disliked vegetables in childcare settings with emphasis on a minimum 8-10 exposures. The systematic review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (number: CRD42016033984). Crown
BACKGROUND: Most children do not meet daily recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake, and consumption of vegetables remains especially low. Eating habits track from childhood to adulthood hence establishing liking and intake of vegetables is important. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most successful strategies to enhance vegetable intake in preschool children aged 2-5 years. DESIGN: The research was a systematic review and a meta-analysis of published studies. A comprehensive search strategy was performed using key databases such as Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, EBSCO and CENTRAL. Articles published between 2005-January 2016, specifically with measured vegetable consumption were included. RESULTS: 30 articles and 44 intervention arms were identified for inclusion (n = 4017). Nine dominant intervention strategies emerged to promote vegetable intake in preschool children. These included; choice, pairing (stealth), education, food service, modelling, reward, taste exposure, variety and visual presentation. The meta-analysis revealed that interventions implementing repeated taste exposure had better pooled effects than those which did not. Intake increased with number of taste exposures and intake was greater when vegetables offered were in their plain form rather than paired with a flavor, dip or added energy (e.g. oil). Moreover, intake of vegetables which were unfamiliar/disliked increased more than those which were familiar/liked. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated taste exposure is a simple technique that could be implemented in childcare settings and at home by parents. Health policy could specifically target the use of novel and disliked vegetables in childcare settings with emphasis on a minimum 8-10 exposures. The systematic review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (number: CRD42016033984). Crown
Authors: Liane S Roe; Christine E Sanchez; Alissa D Smethers; Kathleen L Keller; Barbara J Rolls Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Susan L Johnson; Sarah M Ryan; Miranda Kroehl; Kameron J Moding; Richard E Boles; Laura L Bellows Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2019-06-03 Impact factor: 6.457
Authors: Anne Lene Kristiansen; Mona Bjelland; Anne Himberg-Sundet; Nanna Lien; René Holst; Lene Frost Andersen Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2019-08-13 Impact factor: 3.295