Ivan De Martino1, Scott A Rodeo2. 1. Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. DeMartinoI@HSS.EDU. 2. Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Swimmer's shoulder is the term used to describe the problem of shoulder pain in swimmers. Originally described as supraspinatus tendon impingement under the coracoacromial arch, it is now understood that several different pathologies can cause shoulder pain in competitive swimmers, including subacromial impingement syndrome, overuse and subsequent muscle fatigue, scapular dyskinesis, and laxity and instability. RECENT FINDINGS: Swimmers may develop increased shoulder laxity over time due to repetitive use. Such excessive laxity can decrease passive shoulder stability and lead to rotator cuff muscle overload, fatigue, and subsequent injury in order to properly control the translation of the humeral head. Generalized laxity can be present up to 62% of swimmers, while a moderate degree of multi-directional instability can be present in the majority. Laxity in swimmers can be due to a combination of underlying inherent anatomical factors as well as from repetitive overhead activity. The role of excessive laxity and muscle imbalance are crucial in the swimmer's shoulder and should be well understood since they are the primary target of the training and rehabilitation program.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Swimmer's shoulder is the term used to describe the problem of shoulder pain in swimmers. Originally described as supraspinatus tendon impingement under the coracoacromial arch, it is now understood that several different pathologies can cause shoulder pain in competitive swimmers, including subacromial impingement syndrome, overuse and subsequent muscle fatigue, scapular dyskinesis, and laxity and instability. RECENT FINDINGS: Swimmers may develop increased shoulder laxity over time due to repetitive use. Such excessive laxity can decrease passive shoulder stability and lead to rotator cuff muscle overload, fatigue, and subsequent injury in order to properly control the translation of the humeral head. Generalized laxity can be present up to 62% of swimmers, while a moderate degree of multi-directional instability can be present in the majority. Laxity in swimmers can be due to a combination of underlying inherent anatomical factors as well as from repetitive overhead activity. The role of excessive laxity and muscle imbalance are crucial in the swimmer's shoulder and should be well understood since they are the primary target of the training and rehabilitation program.
Authors: Antonio Frizziero; Maria G Benedetti; Domenico Creta; Antonio Moio; Stefano Galletti; Nicola Maffulli Journal: J Sports Sci Med Date: 2012-06-01 Impact factor: 2.988
Authors: Alexandra M Arguello; Sara E Till; Anna K Reinholz; Kelechi R Okoroha; Jonathan D Barlow; Christopher L Camp Journal: Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med Date: 2022-10-12