Francesca Parisi1, Melek Rousian1, Régine P M Steegers-Theunissen2,3, Anton H J Koning4, Sten P Willemsen1,5, Jeanne H M de Vries6, Irene Cetin7, Eric A P Steegers1. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands. r.steegers@erasmusmc.nl. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands. r.steegers@erasmusmc.nl. 4. Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 50-60, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 5. Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 6. Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6700 EV, Wageningen, Netherlands. 7. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hospital Luigi Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Maternal dietary patterns were associated with embryonic growth and congenital anomalies. We aim to evaluate associations between early first trimester maternal dietary patterns and embryonic morphological development among pregnancies with non-malformed outcome. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: A total of 228 strictly dated, singleton pregnancies without congenital malformations were enrolled in a periconceptional hospital-based cohort. Principal component analysis was performed to extract early first trimester maternal dietary patterns from food frequency questionnaires. Serial transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) scans were performed between 6+0 and 10+2 gestational weeks and internal and external morphological criteria were used to define Carnegie stages in a virtual reality system. Associations between dietary patterns and Carnegie stages were investigated using linear mixed models. RESULTS: A total of 726 3D US scans were included (median: three scans per pregnancy). The 'high fish and olive oil and low meat' dietary pattern was associated with accelerated embryonic development in the study population (β = 0.12 (95%CI: 0.00; 0.24), p < 0.05). Weak adherence to this dietary pattern delayed embryonic development by 2.1 days (95%CI: 1.6; 2.6) compared to strong adherence. The 'high vegetables, fruit and grain' dietary pattern accelerated embryonic development in the strictly dated spontaneous pregnancy subgroup without adjustment for energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: Early first trimester maternal dietary patterns impacts human embryonic morphological development among pregnancies without congenital malformations. The clinical meaning of delayed embryonic development needs further investigation.
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: Maternal dietary patterns were associated with embryonic growth and congenital anomalies. We aim to evaluate associations between early first trimester maternal dietary patterns and embryonic morphological development among pregnancies with non-malformed outcome. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: A total of 228 strictly dated, singleton pregnancies without congenital malformations were enrolled in a periconceptional hospital-based cohort. Principal component analysis was performed to extract early first trimester maternal dietary patterns from food frequency questionnaires. Serial transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) scans were performed between 6+0 and 10+2 gestational weeks and internal and external morphological criteria were used to define Carnegie stages in a virtual reality system. Associations between dietary patterns and Carnegie stages were investigated using linear mixed models. RESULTS: A total of 726 3D US scans were included (median: three scans per pregnancy). The 'high fish and olive oil and low meat' dietary pattern was associated with accelerated embryonic development in the study population (β = 0.12 (95%CI: 0.00; 0.24), p < 0.05). Weak adherence to this dietary pattern delayed embryonic development by 2.1 days (95%CI: 1.6; 2.6) compared to strong adherence. The 'high vegetables, fruit and grain' dietary pattern accelerated embryonic development in the strictly dated spontaneous pregnancy subgroup without adjustment for energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: Early first trimester maternal dietary patterns impacts human embryonic morphological development among pregnancies without congenital malformations. The clinical meaning of delayed embryonic development needs further investigation.
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