Gender affects prognosis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia differently depending on the severity of underlying disease.

We aimed to elucidate the potential impact of gender on prognosis of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). We analyzed SAB cases prospectively collected over an 8-year period at 11 hospitals in Korea. SAB-related mortality was pre-defined as a death within 30 days from the onset of SAB without other apparent cause of death. The effect of gender on SAB-related mortality was examined in the entire cohort and in subgroups stratified according to methicillin resistance and Charlson's comorbidity-weighted index (CCWI) score. Those factors independently associated to SAB-related mortality were explored. Among 1974 eligible cases, SAB-related mortality rates in male and female were 21.2% (259/1224) and 21.9% (164/750), respectively (P = 0.786). The SAB-related mortality rate was independently higher in male than that in female in CCWI score ≤ 3 methicillin-resistant SAB (MRSAB) group (15.9 vs. 6.2%; aOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.46-9.13; P = 0.006) while the association tended to be inverse when CCWI score rises. Interaction between CCWI score and gender to MRSAB-related mortality was significant in multivariate analysis (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.96; P = 0.011). There was no significant interaction between gender and CCWI in entire SAB or methicillin-susceptible SAB cohorts. Gender may affect clinical outcomes of MRSAB differently depending on the severity of underlying disease.