Joanie Jean1, Sara Goldberg1, Ritu Khare2, L Charles Bailey3, Christopher B Forrest4, Evlambia Hajishengallis5, Hyun Koo6. 1. Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. 2. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. 3. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Philadelphia, USA. 4. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. 5. Pediatric Dental Division, and director, Pediatric Dentistry Program, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA. evlambia@upenn.edu. 6. Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry and Community of Oral Health Divisions, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is an association between oral thrush or other Candida-related conditions in infancy and early childhood caries (ECC) diagnosed by pediatricians. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from six national children's hospitals that participate in the PEDSnet research network. There were 1,012,668 children with a visit at ages one to 12 months and another visit at ages 13 to 71 months. The independent variables were diagnosis of thrush or Candida-related conditions in the first year of life, while the dependent variable was diagnosis of ECC between 13 to 71 months old. RESULTS: Oral thrush detection was strongly associated with ECC, particularly between 13 and 36 months (rate ratio between 2.7 [95 percent confidence interval (95% CI) equals 2.5 to 2.9; P<.001] and 3.0 [95% CI, equals 2.8 to 3.4; P<.001]). A similar trend was observed with other Candida-related conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Oral thrush may be a risk factor for early childhood caries.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is an association between oral thrush or other Candida-related conditions in infancy and early childhood caries (ECC) diagnosed by pediatricians. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from six national children's hospitals that participate in the PEDSnet research network. There were 1,012,668 children with a visit at ages one to 12 months and another visit at ages 13 to 71 months. The independent variables were diagnosis of thrush or Candida-related conditions in the first year of life, while the dependent variable was diagnosis of ECC between 13 to 71 months old. RESULTS: Oral thrush detection was strongly associated with ECC, particularly between 13 and 36 months (rate ratio between 2.7 [95 percent confidence interval (95% CI) equals 2.5 to 2.9; P<.001] and 3.0 [95% CI, equals 2.8 to 3.4; P<.001]). A similar trend was observed with other Candida-related conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Oral thrush may be a risk factor for early childhood caries.
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