Daniel Feingold1, Silviu Brill2, Itay Goor-Aryeh3, Yael Delayahu4, Shaul Lev-Ran5. 1. Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Dual Diagnosis Clinic, Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, Pardesiya, Israel. Electronic address: danielfe@ariel.ac.il. 2. Pain Center, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. 3. Pain Center Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. 4. Department of Dual Diagnosis, Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 5. Dual Diagnosis Clinic, Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, Pardesiya, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In light of the increased rates of Prescription Opioid (PO) misuse and associated mortality in several developed countries in recent years, efforts have been made to identify populations who may be at increased risk for misuse of POs. Though the association between depression and PO misuse among pain patients is well documented, little is known regarding the effects of severity of depression on rates of misuse. In this study we explored rates of PO misuse among chronic pain patients screening positive for depression according to level of severity. METHODS: Participants included chronic pain patients receiving POs (N = 554). All participants were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; cut-off scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 for mild, moderate, moderate-severe and severe depression, respectively) and for opioid misuse using the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM). Logistic regression analyses controlling for additional sociodemographic and clinical factors were conducted. RESULTS: Participants who screened positive for depression were at significantly increased odds to screen positive for opioid misuse (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.63; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.71-7.7) compared to those without depression. Severity of depression was significantly associated with increased odds for opioid misuse for moderate (AOR = 3.71; 95% CI = 1.01-13.76), moderate-severe (AOR = 6.28; 95% CI = 1.6-24.57) and severe (AOR = 14.66; 95% CI = 3.28-65.52) depression but not among those who screened positive for mild depression (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI = 0.39-5.68). LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the need to properly asses and address level of severity of co-morbid depression among chronic pain patients receiving POs.
BACKGROUND: In light of the increased rates of Prescription Opioid (PO) misuse and associated mortality in several developed countries in recent years, efforts have been made to identify populations who may be at increased risk for misuse of POs. Though the association between depression and PO misuse among painpatients is well documented, little is known regarding the effects of severity of depression on rates of misuse. In this study we explored rates of PO misuse among chronic painpatients screening positive for depression according to level of severity. METHODS:Participants included chronic painpatients receiving POs (N = 554). All participants were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; cut-off scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 for mild, moderate, moderate-severe and severe depression, respectively) and for opioid misuse using the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM). Logistic regression analyses controlling for additional sociodemographic and clinical factors were conducted. RESULTS:Participants who screened positive for depression were at significantly increased odds to screen positive for opioid misuse (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.63; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.71-7.7) compared to those without depression. Severity of depression was significantly associated with increased odds for opioid misuse for moderate (AOR = 3.71; 95% CI = 1.01-13.76), moderate-severe (AOR = 6.28; 95% CI = 1.6-24.57) and severe (AOR = 14.66; 95% CI = 3.28-65.52) depression but not among those who screened positive for mild depression (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI = 0.39-5.68). LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the need to properly asses and address level of severity of co-morbid depression among chronic painpatients receiving POs.
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