Promoter-promoter interactions influencing transcription of the yeast mitochondrial gene, Oli 1, coding for ATPase subunit 9. Cis and trans effects.

The gene for ATPase subunit 9 of yeast mitochondria (Oli 1) contains two promoter sequences (Op1 and Op2) separated by 78 nucleotides. Both promoters are transcribed in vivo and in vitro though with different efficiency. The upstream promoter (Op1) is 12-15 times stronger than the downstream promoter (Op2), and this difference in promoter activity is partly attributable to the influence of the +2 nucleotide (Biswas, T. K., and Getz, G. S. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 270-274). In addition, the presence of the strong promoter (Op1) in close proximity to the weak promoter (Op2) partially inhibits the expression of the latter (Op2). The relative orientation of the two promoters has no influence on these inhibitory effects. When both promoters are present in the same reaction mixture, the strong promoter always competes effectively with the weak promoter for limited RNA polymerase (trans or competition effect). When the two promoters are present in the same plasmid, there is an inhibitory interaction between them that decreases as the distance between the two promoters increases (cis or position effect). Thus, the difference between the activities of a strong and a weak mitochondrial promoter in tandem is a function of two effects, the trans or competition effect and the cis or position-related effect. A model for promoter-promoter interactions is proposed.