Yanin Suwan1,2, Masoud Aghsaei Fard3, Lawrence S Geyman1,4, Apichat Tantraworasin5, Toco Y Chui1, Richard B Rosen1, Robert Ritch1. 1. Eihorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York. 2. Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 3. Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. 4. Icahn School Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. 5. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Abstract
Importance: This study used optical coherence tomographic angiography to assess for impaired blood flow in myopic eyes with or without open-angle glaucoma. Objective: To compare the peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) between eyes with and without glaucoma. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional study at a tertiary glaucoma referral practice, we recruited patients with myopic eyes of spherical equivalent of more than -3.0 diopters with and without open-angle glaucoma, patients with nonmyopic eyes with glaucoma, and patients with no disease from February 2016 to October 2016. We obtained 4.5 × 4.5-mm optical coherence tomographic angiography images of the optic nerve head and calculated PCD as the ratio of pixels associated with capillaries to the number of pixels in the region of interest after large blood vessel removal. Both eyes of each patient were used in the analysis. Continuous variables were assessed by analysis of variance and Tukey tests. A marginal model of generalized estimating equations was performed to adjust for confounding factors and intraclass correlations. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mean PCD. Results: We matched 87 patients with myopic eyes with glaucoma (of whom 39 [45%] were women), 17 with myopic eyes without glaucoma (of whom 10 [59%] were women), and 93 with non-myopic eyes with glaucoma (of whom 55 [59%] were women) for visual field defects and included 51 control participants (or whom 38 [75%] were women). Mean (SD) ages were 67.5 (12.0) years for patients with myopia and glaucoma, 48.2 (19.0) years for those with myopia without glaucoma, 67.3 (11.0) years for those with glaucoma without myopia, and 64.7 (8.9) years in control participants. Global PCD demonstrated a progressive decrease from the control group (mean [SD], 41.0 [4.2]) to those with myopia without glaucoma (38.4 [5.8]) to those with glaucoma without myopia (31.9 [7.5]) to those with both (28.2 [6.0]; all P < .001). The mean difference in global PCD between the 3 groups and control group, adjusted for age and axial length, was greatest in those with myopia and glaucoma (-11.1; 95% CI, -14.0 to -8.1; P < .001), followed by those with glaucoma without myopia (-8.6; 95% CI, -10.9 to -6.3; P < .001) and those with myopia without glaucoma (-2.8; 95% CI, -6.9 to 1.2; P = .17). No interaction was found between glaucoma and myopia. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings demonstrate peripapillary microvascular attenuation to a greater extent in open-angle glaucoma than myopia. The cross-sectional design means we cannot determine if this association is a cause and/or is associated with other confounding factors.
Importance: This study used optical coherence tomographic angiography to assess for impaired blood flow in myopic eyes with or without open-angle glaucoma. Objective: To compare the peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) between eyes with and without glaucoma. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional study at a tertiary glaucoma referral practice, we recruited patients with myopic eyes of spherical equivalent of more than -3.0 diopters with and without open-angle glaucoma, patients with nonmyopic eyes with glaucoma, and patients with no disease from February 2016 to October 2016. We obtained 4.5 × 4.5-mm optical coherence tomographic angiography images of the optic nerve head and calculated PCD as the ratio of pixels associated with capillaries to the number of pixels in the region of interest after large blood vessel removal. Both eyes of each patient were used in the analysis. Continuous variables were assessed by analysis of variance and Tukey tests. A marginal model of generalized estimating equations was performed to adjust for confounding factors and intraclass correlations. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mean PCD. Results: We matched 87 patients with myopic eyes with glaucoma (of whom 39 [45%] were women), 17 with myopic eyes without glaucoma (of whom 10 [59%] were women), and 93 with non-myopic eyes with glaucoma (of whom 55 [59%] were women) for visual field defects and included 51 control participants (or whom 38 [75%] were women). Mean (SD) ages were 67.5 (12.0) years for patients with myopia and glaucoma, 48.2 (19.0) years for those with myopia without glaucoma, 67.3 (11.0) years for those with glaucoma without myopia, and 64.7 (8.9) years in control participants. Global PCD demonstrated a progressive decrease from the control group (mean [SD], 41.0 [4.2]) to those with myopia without glaucoma (38.4 [5.8]) to those with glaucoma without myopia (31.9 [7.5]) to those with both (28.2 [6.0]; all P < .001). The mean difference in global PCD between the 3 groups and control group, adjusted for age and axial length, was greatest in those with myopia and glaucoma (-11.1; 95% CI, -14.0 to -8.1; P < .001), followed by those with glaucoma without myopia (-8.6; 95% CI, -10.9 to -6.3; P < .001) and those with myopia without glaucoma (-2.8; 95% CI, -6.9 to 1.2; P = .17). No interaction was found between glaucoma and myopia. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings demonstrate peripapillary microvascular attenuation to a greater extent in open-angle glaucoma than myopia. The cross-sectional design means we cannot determine if this association is a cause and/or is associated with other confounding factors.
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