Cui Guo1, Zilong Zhang1, Alexis K H Lau2, Chang Qing Lin2, Yuan Chieh Chuang3, Jimmy Chan4, Wun Kai Jiang3, Tony Tam5, Eng-Kiong Yeoh1, Ta-Chien Chan6, Ly-Yun Chang7, Xiang Qian Lao8. 1. Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. 2. Division of Environment and Sustainability, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. 3. MJ Health Research Foundation, MJ Group, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Division of Environment and Sustainability, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. 5. Department of Sociology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. 6. Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. 7. MJ Health Research Foundation, MJ Group, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. 8. Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: xqlao@cuhk.edu.hk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Information on the effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2·5 μm or less (PM2·5) on lung health is scarce. We aimed to investigate the associations between long-term exposure to PM2·5, lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a large-scale longitudinal cohort. METHODS: We included 285 046 participants aged 20 years or older from the Taiwan MJ Health Management Institution cohort, who were recruited between 2001 and 2014 and had spirometric tests during the medical examination visit. We used a satellite-based spatiotemporal model to estimate the 2-year average ground concentration of PM2·5 (for the calendar year of each participant's medical examination and for the previous year) at each participant's address. We used the generalised linear mixed model to examine the associations between PM2·5 concentrations and lung function and the Cox proportional hazard regression model with time-dependent covariates to investigate the PM2·5 effects on COPD development. FINDINGS: Every 5 μg/m3 increment in PM2·5 was associated with a decrease of 1·18% for forced vital capacity (FVC), 1·46% for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), 1·65% for maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), and 0·21% for FEV1:FVC ratio. The decrease accelerated over time. Additional annual declines were observed for FVC (0·14%), FEV1 (0·24%), MMEF (0·44%), and FEV1:FVC ratio (0·09%). Compared with the participants exposed to the first quartile of PM2·5, participants exposed to the fourth, third, and second quartiles of PM2·5 had a hazard ratio of 1·23 (95% CI 1·09-1·39), 1·30 (1·16-1·46), and 1·39 (1·24-1·56) for COPD development, respectively. INTERPRETATION: Long-term exposure to ambient PM2·5 is associated with reduced, and faster declines in, lung function. Long-term exposure to ambient PM2·5 is also associated with an increased risk of the incidence of COPD. This study reinforces the urgency of global strategies to mitigate air pollution for improvement of pulmonary health and prevention of COPD. FUNDING: Environmental Health Research Fund of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and PhD Studentship of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
BACKGROUND: Information on the effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2·5 μm or less (PM2·5) on lung health is scarce. We aimed to investigate the associations between long-term exposure to PM2·5, lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a large-scale longitudinal cohort. METHODS: We included 285 046 participants aged 20 years or older from the Taiwan MJ Health Management Institution cohort, who were recruited between 2001 and 2014 and had spirometric tests during the medical examination visit. We used a satellite-based spatiotemporal model to estimate the 2-year average ground concentration of PM2·5 (for the calendar year of each participant's medical examination and for the previous year) at each participant's address. We used the generalised linear mixed model to examine the associations between PM2·5 concentrations and lung function and the Cox proportional hazard regression model with time-dependent covariates to investigate the PM2·5 effects on COPD development. FINDINGS: Every 5 μg/m3 increment in PM2·5 was associated with a decrease of 1·18% for forced vital capacity (FVC), 1·46% for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), 1·65% for maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), and 0·21% for FEV1:FVC ratio. The decrease accelerated over time. Additional annual declines were observed for FVC (0·14%), FEV1 (0·24%), MMEF (0·44%), and FEV1:FVC ratio (0·09%). Compared with the participants exposed to the first quartile of PM2·5, participants exposed to the fourth, third, and second quartiles of PM2·5 had a hazard ratio of 1·23 (95% CI 1·09-1·39), 1·30 (1·16-1·46), and 1·39 (1·24-1·56) for COPD development, respectively. INTERPRETATION: Long-term exposure to ambient PM2·5 is associated with reduced, and faster declines in, lung function. Long-term exposure to ambient PM2·5 is also associated with an increased risk of the incidence of COPD. This study reinforces the urgency of global strategies to mitigate air pollution for improvement of pulmonary health and prevention of COPD. FUNDING: Environmental Health Research Fund of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and PhD Studentship of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Authors: Yik Lung Chan; Baoming Wang; Hui Chen; Kin Fai Ho; Junji Cao; Guo Hai; Bin Jalaludin; Cristan Herbert; Paul S Thomas; Sonia Saad; Brian Gregory George Oliver Journal: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol Date: 2019-07-31 Impact factor: 5.464
Authors: Lucas de Oliveira E Almeida; André Favaro; William Raimundo-Costa; Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê; Deusmaque Carneiro Ferreira; Victoria Blanes-Vidal; Ana Paula Milla Dos Santos Senhuk Journal: Environ Monit Assess Date: 2020-02-13 Impact factor: 2.513
Authors: Xerxes Seposo; Audrey Lynn A Arcilla; Jose Guillermo N De Guzman; Enrico Miguel S Dizon; Andrea Nova R Figuracion; Christina Micaela M Morales; Pauleena Katriona A Tugonon; Geminn Louis C Apostol Journal: Chronic Dis Transl Med Date: 2021-02-23
Authors: Zhenyu Zhang; Nicholas R Rowan; Jayant M Pinto; Nyall R London; Andrew P Lane; Shyam Biswal; Murugappan Ramanathan Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2021-05-03