PURPOSE: This study examines the associations between discrimination experiences (types and locations) and care postponement among trans-feminine individuals in the United States. METHODS: This secondary, cross-sectional study utilized a subset of the data from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (n = 2248), specifically for trans-feminine individuals. In this analysis, we examined the relationship between discrimination and primary care postponement. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent (26.25%) of the study sample reported delaying preventive care due to fear of discrimination; 23.98%-46.66% of respondents reported past experiences of discrimination (setting dependent). Discrimination in health and non-health settings and different types of discrimination-being denied services, verbally harassed, or physically assaulted-were all significantly associated with delaying care; respondents reporting discrimination were up to 20 times more likely to postpone care. While discrimination at a health location had the strongest association with care postponement (adjusted odds ratio = 9.65, confidence interval = 7.60-12.24), discrimination in all non-health-related locations was also important. Individuals reporting discrimination in greater numbers of locations and multiple types of discrimination were more likely to postpone care. CONCLUSION: To promote preventive care-seeking, these results affirm the importance of interventions that promote discrimination-free environments for gender minorities.
PURPOSE: This study examines the associations between discrimination experiences (types and locations) and care postponement among trans-feminine individuals in the United States. METHODS: This secondary, cross-sectional study utilized a subset of the data from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (n = 2248), specifically for trans-feminine individuals. In this analysis, we examined the relationship between discrimination and primary care postponement. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent (26.25%) of the study sample reported delaying preventive care due to fear of discrimination; 23.98%-46.66% of respondents reported past experiences of discrimination (setting dependent). Discrimination in health and non-health settings and different types of discrimination-being denied services, verbally harassed, or physically assaulted-were all significantly associated with delaying care; respondents reporting discrimination were up to 20 times more likely to postpone care. While discrimination at a health location had the strongest association with care postponement (adjusted odds ratio = 9.65, confidence interval = 7.60-12.24), discrimination in all non-health-related locations was also important. Individuals reporting discrimination in greater numbers of locations and multiple types of discrimination were more likely to postpone care. CONCLUSION: To promote preventive care-seeking, these results affirm the importance of interventions that promote discrimination-free environments for gender minorities.
Authors: Matthew B Schabath; Catherine A Blackburn; Megan E Sutter; Peter A Kanetsky; Susan T Vadaparampil; Vani N Simmons; Julian A Sanchez; Steven K Sutton; Gwendolyn P Quinn Journal: J Clin Oncol Date: 2019-01-16 Impact factor: 44.544
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Authors: Arjee Javellana Restar; Henri M Garrison-Desany; Tyler Adamson; Chase Childress; Gregorio Millett; Brooke A Jarrett; Sean Howell; Jennifer L Glick; S Wilson Beckham; Stefan Baral Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2021-05-12 Impact factor: 3.295