Andrew K Buldt1, Saeed Forghany2, Karl B Landorf3, Pazit Levinger4, George S Murley5, Hylton B Menz3. 1. La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia; Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia. Electronic address: a.buldt@latrobe.edu.au. 2. Musculoskeletal Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. 3. La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia; Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia. 4. National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia. 5. Discipline of Podiatry, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Variations in foot posture, such as pes planus (low medial longitudinal arch) or pes cavus (high medial longitudinal arch) are associated with some lower limb injuries. However, the mechanism that links foot posture to injury is not clear. Research question The aim of this study was to compare plantar pressure between healthy individuals with normal, planus or cavus feet. METHODS: Ninety-two healthy volunteers (aged 18 to 45) were classified as either normal (n = 35), pes planus (n = 31) or pes cavus (n = 26) based on the Foot Posture Index, Arch Index and normalised navicular height truncated. Barefoot walking trials were conducted using an emed®-x400 plantar pressure system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany). An 11 region mask was used that included the medial heel, lateral heel, midfoot, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsophalangeal joints, hallux, 2nd toe, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th toes. Peak pressure, pressure-time integral, maximum force, force-time integral and contact area were calculated for each region. One way analyses of variance and effect sizes were used to compare the three foot posture groups. RESULTS: Overall, the largest differences were between the planus and cavus foot groups in forefoot pressure and force. In particular, peak pressures at the 4th and 5th MTPJs in the planus foot group were lower compared to the normal and cavus foot groups, and displayed the largest effect sizes. Significance This study confirms that foot posture does influence plantar pressures, and that each foot posture classification displays unique plantar pressure characteristics.
BACKGROUND: Variations in foot posture, such as pes planus (low medial longitudinal arch) or pes cavus (high medial longitudinal arch) are associated with some lower limb injuries. However, the mechanism that links foot posture to injury is not clear. Research question The aim of this study was to compare plantar pressure between healthy individuals with normal, planus or cavus feet. METHODS: Ninety-two healthy volunteers (aged 18 to 45) were classified as either normal (n = 35), pes planus (n = 31) or pes cavus (n = 26) based on the Foot Posture Index, Arch Index and normalised navicular height truncated. Barefoot walking trials were conducted using an emed®-x400 plantar pressure system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany). An 11 region mask was used that included the medial heel, lateral heel, midfoot, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsophalangeal joints, hallux, 2nd toe, and the 3rd, 4th and 5th toes. Peak pressure, pressure-time integral, maximum force, force-time integral and contact area were calculated for each region. One way analyses of variance and effect sizes were used to compare the three foot posture groups. RESULTS: Overall, the largest differences were between the planus and cavus foot groups in forefoot pressure and force. In particular, peak pressures at the 4th and 5th MTPJs in the planus foot group were lower compared to the normal and cavus foot groups, and displayed the largest effect sizes. Significance This study confirms that foot posture does influence plantar pressures, and that each foot posture classification displays unique plantar pressure characteristics.
Authors: Beata Szczepanowska-Wołowiec; Paulina Sztandera; Ireneusz Kotela; Marek Zak Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-05-13 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Alfonso Martínez-Nova; Víctor Manuel Jiménez-Cano; Juan Miguel Caracuel-López; Beatriz Gómez-Martín; Elena Escamilla-Martínez; Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-06-03 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Oliver J Morgan; Rajshree Hillstrom; Robert Turner; Jonathan Day; Ibadet Thaqi; Kristin Caolo; Scott Ellis; Jonathan T Deland; Howard J Hillstrom Journal: Foot Ankle Orthop Date: 2022-03-04