Elizabeth Ann Misch1, Christopher Saddler2, James Muse Davis3. 1. Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5th floor, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA. eamisch@medicine.wisc.edu. 2. Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. 3. Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes recent trends in the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), emerging pathogens, new insights into NTM pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Emerging pathogens include Mycobacterium chimaera and drug-resistant subspecies of Mycobacterium abscessus. Important virulence mechanisms of pathogenic NTM include the ability to alter the macrophage's permissiveness to intracellular bacterial growth. New diagnostic tools consist of DNA probes, gene sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight. These methods allow rapid speciation of NTM species, in some cases directly from patient samples. There are few novel agents available to treat NTM, although some repurposed drugs show excellent activity. The incidence of NTM infections appears to be increasing in a number of regions around the world. Molecular methods are now the diagnostic tools of choice. Discovery of novel effective agents and/or drug combinations with greater likelihood of cure, shorter treatment duration, and fewer side effects are research priorities.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes recent trends in the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), emerging pathogens, new insights into NTM pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Emerging pathogens include Mycobacterium chimaera and drug-resistant subspecies of Mycobacterium abscessus. Important virulence mechanisms of pathogenic NTM include the ability to alter the macrophage's permissiveness to intracellular bacterial growth. New diagnostic tools consist of DNA probes, gene sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight. These methods allow rapid speciation of NTM species, in some cases directly from patient samples. There are few novel agents available to treat NTM, although some repurposed drugs show excellent activity. The incidence of NTM infections appears to be increasing in a number of regions around the world. Molecular methods are now the diagnostic tools of choice. Discovery of novel effective agents and/or drug combinations with greater likelihood of cure, shorter treatment duration, and fewer side effects are research priorities.
Entities:
Keywords:
M. chimaera; Molecular diagnostics; Nontuberculous mycobacteria; Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM); Skin and soft tissue
Authors: Tjip S van der Werf; Ymkje Stienstra; R Christian Johnson; Richard Phillips; Ohene Adjei; Bernhard Fleischer; Mark H Wansbrough-Jones; Paul D R Johnson; Françoise Portaels; Winette T A van der Graaf; Kingsley Asiedu Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2005-11-10 Impact factor: 9.408
Authors: Johanna Erber; Simon Weidlich; Tristan Tschaikowsky; Kathrin Rothe; Roland M Schmid; Jochen Schneider; Christoph D Spinner Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2020-05-24 Impact factor: 3.090