Jeffrey Hsu1, Shamone Gore-Panter1, Gregory Tchou1, Laurie Castel1, Beth Lovano1, Christine S Moravec1, Gosta B Pettersson1, Eric E Roselli1, A Marc Gillinov1, Kenneth R McCurry1, Nicholas G Smedira1, John Barnard1, David R Van Wagoner1, Mina K Chung1, Jonathan D Smith2. 1. From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.H., G.T., J.D.S.), Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), Molecular Cardiology (S.G.-P., L.C., B.L., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.B.P., E.E.R., A.M.G., K.R.M., N.G.S.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. 2. From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.H., G.T., J.D.S.), Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), Molecular Cardiology (S.G.-P., L.C., B.L., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (G.B.P., E.E.R., A.M.G., K.R.M., N.G.S.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. smithj4@ccf.org.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have identified 23 loci for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the mechanisms responsible for these associations, as well as the causal genes and genetic variants, remain undefined. METHODS: To identify the effect of common genetic variants on gene expression that might explain the mechanisms linking genome-wide association loci with AF risk, we performed RNA sequencing of left atrial appendages from a biracial cohort of 265 subjects. RESULTS: Combining gene expression data with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data, we found that approximately two-thirds of the expressed genes were regulated in cis by common genetic variants at a false discovery rate of <0.05, defined as cis-expression quantitative trait loci. Twelve of 23 reported AF genome-wide association loci displayed genome-wide significant cis-expression quantitative trait loci, at PRRX1 (chromosome 1q24), SNRNP27 (1q24), CEP68 (2p14), FKBP7 (2q31), KCNN2 (5q22), FAM13B (5q31), CAV1 (7q31), ASAH1 (8p22), MYOZ1 (10q22), C11ORF45 (11q24), TBX5 (12q24), and SYNE2 (14q23), suggesting that altered expression of these genes plays a role in AF susceptibility. Allelic expression imbalance was used as an independent method to characterize the cis-control of gene expression. One thousand two hundred forty-eight of 5153 queried genes had cis-single nucleotide polymorphisms that significantly regulated allelic expression at a false discovery rate of <0.05. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a genome-wide catalog of the genetic control of gene expression in human left atrial appendage. These data can be used to confirm the relevance of genome-wide association loci and to direct future functional studies to identify the genes and genetic variants responsible for complex diseases such as AF.
BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have identified 23 loci for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the mechanisms responsible for these associations, as well as the causal genes and genetic variants, remain undefined. METHODS: To identify the effect of common genetic variants on gene expression that might explain the mechanisms linking genome-wide association loci with AF risk, we performed RNA sequencing of left atrial appendages from a biracial cohort of 265 subjects. RESULTS: Combining gene expression data with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data, we found that approximately two-thirds of the expressed genes were regulated in cis by common genetic variants at a false discovery rate of <0.05, defined as cis-expression quantitative trait loci. Twelve of 23 reported AF genome-wide association loci displayed genome-wide significant cis-expression quantitative trait loci, at PRRX1 (chromosome 1q24), SNRNP27 (1q24), CEP68 (2p14), FKBP7 (2q31), KCNN2 (5q22), FAM13B (5q31), CAV1 (7q31), ASAH1 (8p22), MYOZ1 (10q22), C11ORF45 (11q24), TBX5 (12q24), and SYNE2 (14q23), suggesting that altered expression of these genes plays a role in AF susceptibility. Allelic expression imbalance was used as an independent method to characterize the cis-control of gene expression. One thousand two hundred forty-eight of 5153 queried genes had cis-single nucleotide polymorphisms that significantly regulated allelic expression at a false discovery rate of <0.05. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a genome-wide catalog of the genetic control of gene expression in humanleft atrial appendage. These data can be used to confirm the relevance of genome-wide association loci and to direct future functional studies to identify the genes and genetic variants responsible for complex diseases such as AF.
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