Elena Blanco1, Martín Pérez-Andrés1, Sonia Arriba-Méndez2, Teresa Contreras-Sanfeliciano3, Ignacio Criado1, Ondrej Pelak4, Ana Serra-Caetano5, Alfonso Romero6, Noemí Puig7, Ana Remesal2, Juan Torres Canizales8, Eduardo López-Granados8, Tomas Kalina4, Ana E Sousa6, Menno van Zelm9, Mirjam van der Burg10, Jacques J M van Dongen11, Alberto Orfao12. 1. Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), the Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, and the Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 2. Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 3. Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 4. CLIP, Department of Haematology/Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 5. Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. 6. Centro de Salud Miguel Armijo, Sanidad de Castilla y León (SACYL), Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain. 7. Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. 8. Departamento de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. 9. Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 10. Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 11. Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 12. Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), University of Salamanca (USAL), the Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, and the Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium of Oncology (CIBERONC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: orfao@usal.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Humoral immunocompetence develops stepwise throughout life and contributes to individual susceptibility to infection, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and neoplasia. Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) isotype serum levels can partly explain such age-related differences, but their relationship with the IgH isotype distribution within memory B-cell (MBC) and plasma cell (PCs) compartments remains to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: We studied the age-related distribution of MBCs and PCs expressing different IgH isotypes in addition to the immature/transitional and naive B-cell compartments. METHODS: B-cell and PC subsets and plasma IgH isotype levels were studied in cord blood (n = 19) and peripheral blood (n = 215) from healthy donors aged 0 to 90 years by using flow cytometry and nephelometry, respectively. RESULTS: IgH-switched MBCs expressing IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2 were already detected in cord blood and newborns at very low counts, whereas CD27+IgM++IgD+ MBCs only became detectable at 1 to 5 months and remained stable until 2 to 4 years, and IgD MBCs peaked at 2 to 4 years, with both populations decreasing thereafter. MBCs expressing IgH isotypes of the second immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (IGHC) gene block (IgG1, IgG3, and IgA1) peaked later during childhood (2-4 years), whereas MBCs expressing third IGHC gene block immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG2, IgG4, and IgA2) reached maximum values during adulthood. PCs were already detected in newborns, increasing in number until 6 to 11 months for IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2; until 2 to 4 years for IgD; and until 5 to 9 years for IgG4 and decreasing thereafter. For most IgH isotypes (except IgD and IgG4), maximum plasma levels were reached after PC and MBC counts peaked. CONCLUSIONS: PC counts reach maximum values early in life, followed by MBC counts and plasma IgH isotypes. Importantly, IgH isotypes from different IGHC gene blocks show different patterns, probably reflecting consecutive cycles of IgH isotype switch recombination through life.
BACKGROUND: Humoral immunocompetence develops stepwise throughout life and contributes to individual susceptibility to infection, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and neoplasia. Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) isotype serum levels can partly explain such age-related differences, but their relationship with the IgH isotype distribution within memory B-cell (MBC) and plasma cell (PCs) compartments remains to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: We studied the age-related distribution of MBCs and PCs expressing different IgH isotypes in addition to the immature/transitional and naive B-cell compartments. METHODS: B-cell and PC subsets and plasma IgH isotype levels were studied in cord blood (n = 19) and peripheral blood (n = 215) from healthy donors aged 0 to 90 years by using flow cytometry and nephelometry, respectively. RESULTS: IgH-switched MBCs expressing IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2 were already detected in cord blood and newborns at very low counts, whereas CD27+IgM++IgD+ MBCs only became detectable at 1 to 5 months and remained stable until 2 to 4 years, and IgD MBCs peaked at 2 to 4 years, with both populations decreasing thereafter. MBCs expressing IgH isotypes of the second immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (IGHC) gene block (IgG1, IgG3, and IgA1) peaked later during childhood (2-4 years), whereas MBCs expressing third IGHC gene block immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG2, IgG4, and IgA2) reached maximum values during adulthood. PCs were already detected in newborns, increasing in number until 6 to 11 months for IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2; until 2 to 4 years for IgD; and until 5 to 9 years for IgG4 and decreasing thereafter. For most IgH isotypes (except IgD and IgG4), maximum plasma levels were reached after PC and MBC counts peaked. CONCLUSIONS: PC counts reach maximum values early in life, followed by MBC counts and plasma IgH isotypes. Importantly, IgH isotypes from different IGHC gene blocks show different patterns, probably reflecting consecutive cycles of IgH isotype switch recombination through life.
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