Norma Kabuba1, J Anitha Menon1, Donald R Franklin2, Stian Lydersen3, Robert K Heaton2, Knut A Hestad4. 1. Department of Psychology, University of Zambia. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego. 3. Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare-Central Norway. 4. Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Older age and lower education levels are known to be associated with worse neurocognitive (NC) performance in healthy adults, and individuals with HIV infection may experience accelerated brain/cognition aging. However, higher education may possibly protect against HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to assess the effect of age and education in an HIV-1 clade C infected adult population in urban Zambia. METHOD: Demographically corrected Zambian norms on a neuropsychological (NP) test battery were used to correct for normal age and education effects. The study assessed 286 HIV positive (+) males (37.1%) and females (62.9%) with a mean age of 41.35 (SD = 8.56) and mean years of education = 10.16 (SD = 2.18). A comprehensive NP test battery was used to assess cognitive domains frequently affected by HIV: attention/working memory, learning/and delayed recall, executive function, verbal fluency, processing speed, verbal and visual episodic memory, and fine motor skills. RESULTS: In younger HIV+ Zambians, higher education evidenced protective effects against NC impairments overall, and for the specific domains of executive functions, learning and speed of information processing. Impairment scores did not support accelerated overall brain aging although the restricted age range and relative youth of our total sample may have precluded detection of such tendencies. CONCLUSIONS: The present study raises the need to investigate factors that could be implicated in the poor neurocognitive performance among the younger, less educated HIV+ individuals in Zambia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
OBJECTIVE: Older age and lower education levels are known to be associated with worse neurocognitive (NC) performance in healthy adults, and individuals with HIV infection may experience accelerated brain/cognition aging. However, higher education may possibly protect against HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to assess the effect of age and education in an HIV-1 clade C infected adult population in urban Zambia. METHOD: Demographically corrected Zambian norms on a neuropsychological (NP) test battery were used to correct for normal age and education effects. The study assessed 286 HIV positive (+) males (37.1%) and females (62.9%) with a mean age of 41.35 (SD = 8.56) and mean years of education = 10.16 (SD = 2.18). A comprehensive NP test battery was used to assess cognitive domains frequently affected by HIV: attention/working memory, learning/and delayed recall, executive function, verbal fluency, processing speed, verbal and visual episodic memory, and fine motor skills. RESULTS: In younger HIV+ Zambians, higher education evidenced protective effects against NC impairments overall, and for the specific domains of executive functions, learning and speed of information processing. Impairment scores did not support accelerated overall brain aging although the restricted age range and relative youth of our total sample may have precluded detection of such tendencies. CONCLUSIONS: The present study raises the need to investigate factors that could be implicated in the poor neurocognitive performance among the younger, less educated HIV+ individuals in Zambia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Authors: A Antinori; G Arendt; J T Becker; B J Brew; D A Byrd; M Cherner; D B Clifford; P Cinque; L G Epstein; K Goodkin; M Gisslen; I Grant; R K Heaton; J Joseph; K Marder; C M Marra; J C McArthur; M Nunn; R W Price; L Pulliam; K R Robertson; N Sacktor; V Valcour; V E Wojna Journal: Neurology Date: 2007-10-03 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: P Satz; H Morgenstern; E N Miller; O A Selnes; J C McArthur; B A Cohen; J Wesch; J T Becker; L Jacobson; L F D'Elia Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988) Date: 1993-05
Authors: Deanna Saylor; Alex M Dickens; Ned Sacktor; Norman Haughey; Barbara Slusher; Mikhail Pletnikov; Joseph L Mankowski; Amanda Brown; David J Volsky; Justin C McArthur Journal: Nat Rev Neurol Date: 2016-03-11 Impact factor: 42.937
Authors: R J Ellis; K Hsia; S A Spector; J A Nelson; R K Heaton; M R Wallace; I Abramson; J H Atkinson; I Grant; J A McCutchan Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 1997-11 Impact factor: 10.422
Authors: Robert K Heaton; Donald R Franklin; Ronald J Ellis; J Allen McCutchan; Scott L Letendre; Shannon Leblanc; Stephanie H Corkran; Nichole A Duarte; David B Clifford; Steven P Woods; Ann C Collier; Christina M Marra; Susan Morgello; Monica Rivera Mindt; Michael J Taylor; Thomas D Marcotte; J Hampton Atkinson; Tanya Wolfson; Benjamin B Gelman; Justin C McArthur; David M Simpson; Ian Abramson; Anthony Gamst; Christine Fennema-Notestine; Terry L Jernigan; Joseph Wong; Igor Grant Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2010-12-21 Impact factor: 2.643
Authors: Suvira Ramlall; Richard J Lessells; Thirusha Naidu; Sbusisiwe Sandra Mthembu; Nesri Padayatchi; Jonathan K Burns; Andrew Tomita Journal: Trop Med Int Health Date: 2020-06-16 Impact factor: 2.622
Authors: Anna J Dreyer; Sam Nightingale; Lena S Andersen; Jasper S Lee; Hetta Gouse; Steven A Safren; Conall O'Cleirigh; Kevin G F Thomas; John Joska Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2022-09-01 Impact factor: 3.739
Authors: August A Longino; Robert Paul; Yixin Wang; Javier R Lama; Peter Brandes; Eduardo Ruiz; Cecilia Correa; Sheila Keating; Serena S Spudich; Christopher Pilcher; Alyssa Vecchio; Siavash Pasalar; Rachel A Bender Ignacio; Rogelio Valdez; Sayan Dasgupta; Kevin Robertson; Ann Duerr Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2022-02-01 Impact factor: 3.771
Authors: C Bernard; H Font; Z Diallo; R Ahonon; J M Tine; F N Abouo; A Tanon; E Messou; M Seydi; F Dabis; J-F Dartigues; N de Rekeneire Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2021-05-29
Authors: Esau G Mbewe; Pelekelo P Kabundula; Sylvia Mwanza-Kabaghe; Alexandra Buda; Heather R Adams; Colleen Schneider; Michael J Potchen; Milimo Mweemba; Manoj Mathews; J Anitha Menon; Bo Wang; Travis Baseler; Alex Paciorkowski; Gretchen L Birbeck; David R Bearden Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2022-01-01 Impact factor: 3.771