Electrochemical detection of tyramine with ITO/APTES/ErGO electrode and its application in real sample analysis.

This work reports the development of a simple and cost-effective electrochemical sensor based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) bound to the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode through 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) monolayer (ITO/APTES/ErGO) for selective and sensitive detection of tyramine. The features of the modified electrode were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance (EIS) methods. The analytical performance of the developed sensor was evaluated with respect to linear detection range, limit of detection, stability, coexistence interference and reproducibility. The modified device exhibited electrocatalytic activity toward tyramine oxidation within two linear concentration range of 1-100 nM, and 1-100 µM, with LOD of 0.1 nM. Finally, the sensor successfully detected tyramine in commercially available real samples with satisfactory recovery ranges. The proposed modified sensor offers distinct advantages including low cost, simple handling, good sensitivity and high selectivity.