Sarah S Casagrande1, Laura N McEwen2, William H Herman2,3. 1. Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, MD scasagrande@s-3.com. 2. Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 3. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess national changes in health insurance coverage and related costs before and after implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) among U.S. adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were cross-sectional from the 2009 and 2016 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). Participants were adults age ≥18 years with a previous diagnosis of diabetes who self-reported on their health insurance coverage, demographic information, diabetes-related factors, and amount spent on medical expenses and insurance premiums (N = 6,220). RESULTS: Among adults with diabetes age 18-64 years, health insurance coverage increased from 84.7% in 2009 to 90.1% in 2016 (P < 0.001). Coverage remained near universal for those age ≥65 years (99.5%). For adults age 18-64 years, coverage increased for almost all subgroups and significantly for men; non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics; those who were married; those with less than or more than a high school education, family income <$35,000, or diabetes duration <5 or >15 years; and those taking oral agents (P < 0.05 for all). Among adults age 18-64 years, Medicaid coverage significantly increased between 2009 and 2016 (19.4% vs. 24.3%, P = 0.006), and for those with private insurance, 7.8% acquired their plan through HealthCare.gov. For adults age ≥65 years, private insurance decreased and Medicare Part D increased (P < 0.007 for both). Among those age 18-64 years with an income <$35,000, the proportion of income spent on family medical costs decreased (6.3% vs. 4.8% for 2009 vs. 2016, respectively; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Health insurance coverage among adults with diabetes age 18-64 years increased significantly after implementation of the ACA, and medical costs to families decreased among those with lower incomes.
OBJECTIVE: To assess national changes in health insurance coverage and related costs before and after implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) among U.S. adults with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were cross-sectional from the 2009 and 2016 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). Participants were adults age ≥18 years with a previous diagnosis of diabetes who self-reported on their health insurance coverage, demographic information, diabetes-related factors, and amount spent on medical expenses and insurance premiums (N = 6,220). RESULTS: Among adults with diabetes age 18-64 years, health insurance coverage increased from 84.7% in 2009 to 90.1% in 2016 (P < 0.001). Coverage remained near universal for those age ≥65 years (99.5%). For adults age 18-64 years, coverage increased for almost all subgroups and significantly for men; non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics; those who were married; those with less than or more than a high school education, family income <$35,000, or diabetes duration <5 or >15 years; and those taking oral agents (P < 0.05 for all). Among adults age 18-64 years, Medicaid coverage significantly increased between 2009 and 2016 (19.4% vs. 24.3%, P = 0.006), and for those with private insurance, 7.8% acquired their plan through HealthCare.gov. For adults age ≥65 years, private insurance decreased and Medicare Part D increased (P < 0.007 for both). Among those age 18-64 years with an income <$35,000, the proportion of income spent on family medical costs decreased (6.3% vs. 4.8% for 2009 vs. 2016, respectively; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Health insurance coverage among adults with diabetes age 18-64 years increased significantly after implementation of the ACA, and medical costs to families decreased among those with lower incomes.
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