Brooklyn J Fraser1, Leigh Blizzard1, Michael D Schmidt2, Markus Juonala3, Terence Dwyer4, Alison J Venn1, Costan G Magnussen5. 1. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia. 2. Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, USA. 3. Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland. 4. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; George Institute for Global Health, Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Oxford University, UK. 5. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland. Electronic address: cmagnuss@utas.edu.au.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess whether childhood cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness phenotypes (strength, power, endurance) predict adult glucose homeostasis measures. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. METHODS: Study examining participants who had physical fitness measured in childhood (aged 7-15 years) and who attended follow-up clinics approximately 20 years later and provided a fasting blood sample which was tested for glucose and insulin. Physical fitness measurements included muscular strength (right and left grip, shoulder flexion, shoulder and leg extension), power (standing long jump distance) and endurance (number of push-ups in 30s), and CRF (1.6km run duration). In adulthood, fasting glucose and insulin levels were used to derive glucose homeostasis measures of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA2-β). RESULTS: A standard deviation increase in childhood CRF or muscular strength (males) was associated with fasting glucose (CRF: β=-0.06mmol/L), fasting insulin (CRF: β=-0.73mU/L; strength: β=-0.40mU/L), HOMA2-IR (CRF: β=-0.06; strength: β=-0.05) and HOMA2-β (CRF: β=-3.06%; strength: β=-2.62%) in adulthood, independent of the alternative fitness phenotype (all p<0.01). Adjustment for childhood waist circumference reduced the effect by 17-35% for CRF and 0-15% for muscular strength (males) and statistical significance remained for all associations expect between CRF, fasting glucose and HOMA2-β (p>0.06). CONCLUSIONS: CRF and muscular fitness in childhood were inversely associated with measures of fasting insulin, insulin resistance and beta cell function in adulthood. Childhood CRF and muscular fitness could both be potential independent targets for strategies to help reduce the development of adverse glucose homeostasis.
OBJECTIVES: To assess whether childhood cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness phenotypes (strength, power, endurance) predict adult glucose homeostasis measures. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. METHODS: Study examining participants who had physical fitness measured in childhood (aged 7-15 years) and who attended follow-up clinics approximately 20 years later and provided a fasting blood sample which was tested for glucose and insulin. Physical fitness measurements included muscular strength (right and left grip, shoulder flexion, shoulder and leg extension), power (standing long jump distance) and endurance (number of push-ups in 30s), and CRF (1.6km run duration). In adulthood, fasting glucose and insulin levels were used to derive glucose homeostasis measures of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA2-β). RESULTS: A standard deviation increase in childhood CRF or muscular strength (males) was associated with fasting glucose (CRF: β=-0.06mmol/L), fasting insulin (CRF: β=-0.73mU/L; strength: β=-0.40mU/L), HOMA2-IR (CRF: β=-0.06; strength: β=-0.05) and HOMA2-β (CRF: β=-3.06%; strength: β=-2.62%) in adulthood, independent of the alternative fitness phenotype (all p<0.01). Adjustment for childhood waist circumference reduced the effect by 17-35% for CRF and 0-15% for muscular strength (males) and statistical significance remained for all associations expect between CRF, fasting glucose and HOMA2-β (p>0.06). CONCLUSIONS: CRF and muscular fitness in childhood were inversely associated with measures of fasting insulin, insulin resistance and beta cell function in adulthood. Childhood CRF and muscular fitness could both be potential independent targets for strategies to help reduce the development of adverse glucose homeostasis.
Authors: Grant R Tomkinson; Tori Kaster; Faith L Dooley; John S Fitzgerald; Madison Annandale; Katia Ferrar; Justin J Lang; Jordan J Smith Journal: Sports Med Date: 2021-03 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Tiago Rodrigues de Lima; Priscila Custódio Martins; Yara Maria Franco Moreno; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Mark Stephen Tremblay; Xuemei Sui; Diego Augusto Santos Silva Journal: Sports Med Date: 2022-01-12 Impact factor: 11.928
Authors: Brooklyn J Fraser; Scott Rollo; Margaret Sampson; Costan G Magnussen; Justin J Lang; Mark S Tremblay; Grant R Tomkinson Journal: Sports Med Date: 2021-08-02 Impact factor: 11.136